Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History, and Culture. Группа авторов

Reactive Volatiles in Silicate Glass and Melt 4 Nonreactive Volatiles in Silicate Glass and Melt 5 Perspectives References 5.6 Redox Thermodynamics and Kinetics in Silicate Melts and Glasses 1 Introduction 2 Oxidation/Reduction Thermodynamics 3 Oxidation/Reduction Kinetics 4 Open‐System Redox Dynamics 5 Closed‐System (or Internal) Redox Dynamics 6 Perspectives References 5.7 Optical Basicity: Theory and Application 1 Introduction: The Need for a Suitable Basicity Scale for Oxide Melts 2 Theoretical Foundation of Optical Basicity 3 Redox Equilibria in Network Melts 4 Optical Basicity and Electronic Polarizability 5 Chemical Reactions: Changes in Structure and Bonding 6 High and Low Optical–Basicity Materials 7 Optical Basicity and Electronegativity 8 Perspectives 4.3 Acknowledgment References 5.8 The Glass Electrode and Electrode Properties of Glasses 1 Introduction 2 Types and Properties of Glass Electrodes 3 Glass Structure as Viewed by the Glass Electrode 4 Theories of the Glass Electrode 5 Perspectives References 5.9 Electrochemistry of Oxide Melts 1 Introduction 2 Thermodynamics of Redox Equilibria 3 Experimental Aspects 4 Standard Potentials and Equilibrium Constants 5 Diffusion Coefficients 6 Voltammetric Sensors: Quantitative Determinations of Polyvalent Elements 7 Impedance Spectroscopy 8 Perspectives References 5.10 Glass/Metal Interactions 1 Introduction 2 Wetting, Sticking, and Adhesion Phenomena 3 Control of High‐Temperature Chemical Interactions at the Metal/Molten Glass Interface 4 Characterization of the Glass/Metal Interaction 5 Corrosion of Metals and Alloys by Molten Glass 6 Perspectives References 5.11 Durability of Commercial‐type Glasses 1 Introduction 2 Chemical Processes and Parameters 3 Alteration as Related to Glass Composition 4 Post‐Production Corrosion of Flat and Container Glass 5 Characterization Methods 6 Protection Methods 7 Perspectives References 5.12 Mechanisms of Glass Corrosion by Aqueous Solutions 1 Introduction 2 Early Models 3 Leached‐layer Model 4 Coupled Interfacial Dissolution‐Reprecipitation (CIDR) 5 Rates of Dissolution and Element Release 6 Perspectives Acknowledgments References Section VI.: Glass and Light 6.1 Optical Glasses 1 Introduction 2 Basic Features 3 Transmitted Light T_in 4 Glass Properties 5 Glass Responses 6 Interaction of Optical Components with Light 7 Perspectives References 6.2 The Color of Glass 1