Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History, and Culture. Группа авторов

Perspectives References 3.9 Polyamorphism and Liquid–Liquid Phase Transitions 1 Introduction 2 Acronyms 2 Liquid–Liquid Phase Transitions and Polyamorphism 3 Classic Systems Exhibiting Polyamorphism 4 Perspectives References 3.10 Pressure‐Induced Amorphization 1 Introduction 2 First Observation of PIA: Metastable Melting vs. Mechanical Destabilization of Ice Ih 3 SiO₂ and AlPO₄: “Memory Glass” Effects 4 SnI₄ and Cu₂O: Examples of Compositionally Driven Instability 5 Nanocrystalline Materials 6 Zeolites as Examples of “Perfect Glass” Formation 7 Configurational Energy Landscapes 8 Perspectives References 3.11 Mechanical Properties of Inorganic Glasses 1 Introduction 2 The Importance of Flaws 3 Moduli and Hardness 4 Fracture Toughness and Strength 5 Flaws and Strength 6 Chemically Assisted Crack Growth – Stress Corrosion 7 Improving the Practical Strength of Glass 8 Perspectives References 3.12 Strengthening of Oxide Glasses 1 Introduction 2 Strength and Stresses 3 Elimination of Surface Flaws 4 Thermal Strengthening 5 Chemical Strengthening 6 Strengthening by Coating 7 Perspectives Acknowledgments References 3.13 Radiation Effects in Glass 1 Introduction 2 Point Defects 3 Vitreous Phase Stability and Bubble Formation 4 Glass Network Evolution Under Irradiation 5 Optical Properties 6 RIA and Emission 7 Effect on Mechanical Properties 8 Mitigation of Radiation Effects 9 Perspectives References 3.14 Amorphous Ices 1 Introduction 2 Ice Phase Transitions 3 Predictions of Glass–Glass and Liquid–Liquid Transitions 4 Numerical Applications to Water 5 Supercluster Formation at the Glass Transition of Strong Liquids 6 Perspectives References Section IV.: Transport Properties 4.1 Viscosity of Glass‐Forming Melts 1 Introduction 2 General Aspects and Definitions 3 Structural Aspects 4 Technological Aspects 5 Temperature Dependence of Viscosity 6 Composition Dependence 7 Dependence on Time and Strain Rate 8 Dependence on Microstructure 9 Perspectives References Appendix Supplementary References 4.2 Ionic and Electronic Transport 1 Introduction 2 Ionic Conductivity and Diffusion 3 Ionic Transport Mechanisms 4 Ionic Transport Above the Glass Transition: An Entropic Mechanism 5 Electronically Conductive Glasses 6 Perspectives