Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History, and Culture. Группа авторов

Vibrational Properties 5 Calculations of NMR Spectra 6 Perspectives References Section III.: Physics of Glass 3.1 Glass Formation 1 Introduction 2 Glass and Relaxation 3 Kinetic Theory of Vitrification 4 The Viscosity Factor 5 Structural Factors 6 Glass‐Liquid Transition 7 Perspectives Acknowledgements References 3.2 Thermodynamics of Glasses 1 Introduction 2 Basics of Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics 3 Supercooled Liquids 4 Glass as a Nonequilibrium Substance 5 Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of the Glass Transition 6 Physical Aging 7 Perspectives Acknowledgments References 3.3 The Glass Transition and the Entropy Crisis 1 Introduction 2 Important Concepts and Theories 3 Nonsingular Glass Phenomenology 4 Nonequilibrium Formulation: Brief Review 5 Nonequilibrium Relaxation in Internal Equilibrium 6 The Free Volume and the Communal Entropy 7 The Unifying Approach for Glasses 8 Perspectives Acknowledgement References 3.4 Atomic Vibrations in Glasses 1 Introduction 2 Atomic Vibrations in Disordered Solids 3 Vibrations and Thermal Properties 4 Inelastic Spectroscopy in Glasses 5 Vibrational Spectra 6 The Boson Peak 7 Perspectives Acknowledgments References Additional References for Figure Captions 3.5 Density of Amorphous Oxides 1 Introduction 2 Measuring the Density of Amorphous Oxides 3 Measured Density Variations 4 Practical Applications 5 Perspectives Acknowledgments References 3.6 Thermodynamic Properties of Oxide Glasses and Liquids 1 Introduction 2 Thermodynamic Functions 3 Low‐temperature Heat Capacity and Entropy 4 High‐temperature Properties 5 Reaction Thermodynamics 6 Perspectives Acknowledgments References 3.7 Structural and Stress Relaxation in Glass‐Forming Liquids 1 Introduction 2 Structural Relaxation: A Few Examples 3 Structural Relaxation 4 Shear Viscoelasticity 5 Bulk Viscoelasticity 6 Perspectives References 3.8 Hyperquenched Glasses: Relaxation and Properties 1 Introduction 2 Fictive Temperature and Cooling Rates 3 Sub‐T_g Relaxation 4 Anomalous Relaxation 5 Modeling of Sub‐T_g Relaxation 6 Boson Peak 7 Resolving Glass Problems Via Hyperquenching‐Annealing Calorimetry