Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History, and Culture. Группа авторов

4.3 Diffusion in Oxide Glass‐forming Systems 1 Introduction 2 Physical and Chemical Description of Diffusion 3 Experimental Methods for Determining Diffusivity 4 Influence on Diffusivity of Species Properties 5 Compositional Control 6 Temperature and Pressure Effects 7 Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations 8 Perspectives Acknowledgments References 4.4 Chemical Diffusion in Multicomponent Glass‐forming Systems 1 Introduction 2 Conceptual and Experimental Approaches 3 Tracer vs. Chemical Diffusion 4 Diffusion in Multicomponent Systems 5 Available Chemical Diffusion Data 6 Perspectives Acknowledgments References 4.5 Thermal Diffusivity and Conductivity of Glasses and Melts 1 Introduction 2 Theory 3 Measurement Techniques 4 Thermal Diffusivity and Conductivity Data: Key Variables 5 Perspectives Acknowledgments References 4.6 Atomistic Simulations of Transport Properties 1 Introduction 2 MD Simulations: Conditions and Potentials 3 Dynamics 4 Insights into Dynamic Heterogeneities 5 Mixed Alkali Effect 6 Glass Transition and Thermodynamic Scaling 7 Perspectives References Section V.: Chemistry of Glass 5.1 Chemical Analyses and Characterization of Glass 1 Introduction 2 Gravimetry and Glass Digestion 3 X‐Ray Fluorescence 4 Inductively Coupled Plasma Methods 5 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy 6 Microprobe Analyses 7 Special Elements 8 Resistance to Chemical Attack 9 Analyses of Glass Defects 10 Perspectives Acknowledgments References 5.2 Phase Equilibria and Phase Diagrams in Oxide Systems 1 Introduction 2 Thermodynamic Principles 3 Basic Topological Types of Binary T–x Diagrams 4 Ternary Diagrams 5 Some Phase Diagrams for Glass‐Forming Systems 6 Perspectives References 5.3 Thermodynamic Models of Oxide Melts 1 Introduction 2 General Considerations 3 Thermodynamic Models 4 First‐Principles Calculations 5 Perspectives References 5.4 Nucleation, Growth, and Crystallization in Inorganic Glasses 1 Introduction 2 Crystal Nucleation and Classical Nucleation Theory 3 Basic Models of Crystal Growth in Supercooled Liquids 4 Overall Crystallization and Glass‐forming Ability: The Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov Approach 5 Perspectives Acknowledgments References 5.5 Solubility of Volatiles 1 Introduction 2 Principles and Concepts 3