The Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics. Carol A. Chapelle

Linguistics: Quantitative Methods Introduction Distinctive Collexeme Analysis Applications Conclusion References Suggested Readings Council of Europe Language Policy and Planning Introduction Policy Documents and Tools in Support of Plurilingual People Living in Multilingual Societies The European Centre for Modern Languages References Note Critical Analysis of Political Discourse References Suggested Readings Critical Pedagogy in Language Teaching References Suggested Readings Critical Period References Suggested Readings Cross‐Cultural Pragmatics Context Shaping Meaning Language Shaping Context Common Ground Fields of Application Conclusions References Suggested Readings Crosslinguistic Influence in Second Language Acquisition Terminology The Verification of CLI Main Findings Theoretical and Empirical Advances References Suggested Readings Note Cultural Approaches to Translation Introduction Translation From Cultures Translating for Cultures Translating Between Cultures References Suggested Readings

      11  D Difficulty and Complexity of Language Features and Second Language Instruction Introduction The Issues The Evidence The Problems and Challenges Summary and Future Directions References Suggested Reading Discourse and Identity Social Identities in Discourse Personal Identities in Narrative Digital, Networked, and Posthuman Identities References Suggested Readings

      12  E Early Bilingualism Major Linguistic Developments in BFLA and ESLA Applied Aspects of Early Bilingualism References Suggested Readings English for Academic Purposes Introduction Generic or Specific Attributes in EAP? Approaches to EAP Conclusion References Suggested Readings English in Asian and European Higher Education References Suggested Readings Note English for Business Introduction Researching Written and Spoken Business English The Effects of Using English for Business English