The Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics. Carol A. Chapelle

Standards in Classroom Assessment Conclusion References Suggested Readings Note Assessment of Cultural Knowledge Introduction Conceptualizing Cultural Knowledge The Nature of Instruments Assessing Cultural Knowledge Selected Cultural Knowledge Assessment Instruments Conclusion References Online Resources Note Assessment of Integrated Skills Test Tasks Computer Madness Research in the Assessment of Integrated Skills Benefits of Integrated Assessment Challenges of Integrated Assessment Development Reliability and Rating Validity Conclusions References Suggested Readings Assessment of the Linguistic Resources of Communication Representing the Linguistic Resources of Communication Conceptualizing L2 Proficiency as Knowledge of Grammatical Forms Conceptualizing L2 Proficiency as a Set of Resources for Communicating Contextualized Meanings Measuring the Linguistic Resources of Communication Conclusion References Note Assessment of Listening Listening Processes Factors Affecting Listening Tasks for Assessing Listening Limitations of Listening Assessment Tasks Computers in Assessing Listening Current and Future Directions in Assessing Listening References Suggested Readings Assessment of Pragmatics The Construct Tests Under the Speech Act Construct Measurement of Interactional Abilities Challenges in Testing L2 Pragmatics Conclusion References Assessment of Reading Brief History of Reading Research Linguistic Knowledge and Reading Ability Reading Ability in a Second Language Reading Assessment in a Second Language Unique Challenges in L2 Reading Assessment Future Directions in Second Language Reading Assessment References Suggested Readings Assessment of Speaking Speaking Assessment Methods Rating Scales and Scale Descriptors Raters Conclusion References Suggested Readings Assessment of Vocabulary Introduction Selection of Target Items Design of Assessments Conclusion References Suggested Readings Assessment of Writing Purposes of Writing Tests The Nature of Second Language Writing Types of Writing Assessments Characteristics of Writing Tests: Tasks and Scoring Challenges and Opportunities for the Future References