Depression. Aaron T. Beck, M.D.

Somatic Delusions

       Poverty

       HALLUCINATIONS

       Clinical Examination

       APPEARANCE

       RETARDATION

       AGITATION

       Variations in Symptoms

       CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

       CULTURAL VARIATIONS

       3. Course and Prognosis

       Depression as a Clinical Entity

       Importance of Course and Outcome

       Systematic Studies

       ONSET OF EPISODES

       REMISSION AND CHRONICITY

       Remission from Dysthymic Disorder

       Remission from Functional Impairments

       DURATION

       Brief Attacks of Manic-Depressive Psychosis (Bipolar Disorder)

       RECURRENCE

       INTERVALS BETWEEN ATTACKS

       OUTCOME FOR “ENDOGENOUS” VERSUS “NEUROTIC” DEPRESSION

       SCHIZOPHRENIC OUTCOME

       SUICIDE

       Suicide Risk in Bipolar Disorder

       PREDICTORS OF CHRONIC DEPRESSION

       Developmental Factors

       Personality Disorders

       Psychological Stressors

       Comorbid Disorders

       Biological Factors

       Cognitive Factors

       Conclusions

       4. Classifying Mood Disorders

       The Official Nomenclature

       Derivation of System of Classification

       Reliability and Validity of Classification

       Dichotomies and Dualisms: Past and Present

       ENDOGENUS VERSUS EXOGENOUS

       AUTONOMOUS VERSUS REACTIVE

       AGITATED VERSUS RETARDED

       PSYCHOTIC VERSUS NEUROTIC

       Endogenous and Exogenous Depressions

       ORIGIN OF ENDOGENOUS-EXOGENOUS MODEL

       “THE GREAT DEBATES”

       DISTINCTION BETWEEN ENDOGENOUS AND REACTIVE DEPRESSIONS

       SYSTEMATIC STUDIES

       Methodological Problems

       Studies of Symptomatology

       Physiological Responses and Tests

       Body Build

       Response to Treatment

       Depressive Equivalents