Life in the Open Ocean. Joseph J. Torres

Figure 2.7 Citrate synthase (CS) activities (international units g WM⁻¹...Figure 2.8 Changes in enzyme activity as a function of time after changes in...Figure 2.9 The effect of temperature on the K_m of acetylcholine for acetylch...Figure 2.10 The effect of temperature on apparent Michaelis constant (K_m) of...Figure 2.11 Michaelis–Menten saturation kinetics: three types of relationshi...Figure 2.12 Effects of assay temperature on the apparent Michaelis constant ...Figure 2.13 The relationship between the catalytic rate constant (K_cat) and ...Figure 2.14 Membrane structure. (A) Schematic representation of a membrane s...Figure 2.15 The relationship between adaptation temperature and percentage o...Figure 2.16 Temperature acclimation and phospholipid class. Time course of c...Figure 2.17 The effect of pressure on Excitatory Junction Potentials (EJP) r...Figure 2.18 Respiration of euphausiids plotted against depth using the indic...Figure 2.19 The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the apparent Michaelis con...Figure 2.20 Effects of pressure on gill Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase activities in fishes ...Figure 2.21 Effects of lipid substitution on the pressure responses of Na⁺, ...Figure 2.22 Oxygen consumption rate of the lophogastrid Gnathophausia ingensFigure 2.23 Oxygen consumption rate, percent utilization of oxygen, and vent...Figure 2.24 Relationship between percent utilization and ventilation volume ...Figure 2.25 Osmoregulation in teleosts. Balance of water and ion concentrati...Figure 2.26 Osmoregulation in elasmobranchs. The osmolytes urea (a) and trim...Figure 2.27 Relationship between routine respiration (solid line) and maximu...Figure 2.28 The relationship between water content and minimum depth of occu...Figure 2.29 Metabolic rates of diverse marine species as a function of minim...Figure 2.30 Activities of the respiratory enzymes citrate synthase (aerobic;...

      3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Tissue layer homologies in cnidarians. (a) A hydrozoan polyp; (b)...Figure 3.2 Diagram to define the radii of a medusa. P. are the per‐radii on ...Figure 3.3 Diagram of a medusa with one quadrant removed.Figure 3.4 Cnidarian structure. (a) Diagram of a hydroid polyp; (b) cross se...Figure 3.5 Medusae structure. (a) Diagrams of umbrella shapes of different m...Figure 3.6 Anatomy of hydrozoan polyps. (a) Composite diagram of a thecate h...Figure 3.7 (a) The hydrozoan polyp Coryne eximia with newly liberated medusa...Figure 3.8 Life cycles of hydrozoans. (a) Obelia, a thecate hydroid with fre...Figure 3.9 Hydrozoan medusae. (a) The trachymedusa Aglaura hemistoma. (b) Th...Figure 3.10 Scyphomedusae. (a) General anatomy of a scyphomedusa. (b) Oral v...Figure 3.11 Coronatae. (a) The coronate scyphomedusa Periphylla (helmet jell...Figure 3.12 Life cycles of scyphozoans. (a) Aurelia sp. (moon jellyfish); (b...Figure 3.13 Rhizostomeae. Development of the mouth arms of Mastigias: (a) ea...Figure 3.14 Cubomedusae. (a) Cross section through the bell of Carybdea; (b)...Figure 3.15 Nematocyst structure. (a) Before discharge; (b) after discharge....Figure 3.16 Feeding behavior of Pelagia noctiluca on motile prey. (a) When t...Figure 3.17 Patterns of tentacle deployment seen in medusae, siphonophores, ...Figure 3.18 Different hunting and feeding behaviors of medusae. Shaded areas...Figure 3.19 Prey capture and ingestion in Carybdea marsupialis. (a) Prey cap...Figure 3.20 Jet propulsion in medusae. (a) Bell expansion and water intake; ...Figure 3.21 Oral surface of the subumbrella of Cyanea capillata. The oral ar...Figure 3.22 Nerve net in a hydromedusa.Figure 3.23 Sensory mechanisms: rhopalia. (a) Position of the rhopalia of th...Figure 3.24 Basic statocyst structure showing the calcium carbonate statolit...Figure 3.25 Examples of the three suborders of siphonophores. Cystonectae; (...Figure 3.26 Siphonophore zooids. (a) Gastrozooid. (b) Dactylozooid. (c) Gono...Figure 3.27 Siphonophore nectophores. (a) Basic unmodified nectophore. (b) C...Figure 3.28 Siphonophore bracts. (a) Basic leaf‐shaped bract, suborder Physo...Figure 3.29 Vertical section of the simple type of pneumatophore of Agalma....Figure 3.30 Siphonophore colony structure. (a) Cross section of a siphonopho...Figure 3.31 Siphonophore cormidia. (a) Calycophoran Nectocarmen antonioi. (b...Figure 3.32 Comparison of the life cycle of an agalmid siphonophore with tha...Figure 3.33 Cyclic fishing behavior and optimization of feeding space. (a) T...Figure 3.34 Dimorphism of Physalia. (a) Right handed (left sailing); (b) lef...Figure