The 2001 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

areas to form a "greater Serbia." In March 1994, Bosniaks and Croats reduced the number of warring factions from three to two by signing an agreement creating a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. On 21 November 1995, in Dayton, Ohio, the warring parties signed a peace agreement that brought to a halt the three years of interethnic civil strife (the final agreement was signed in Paris on 14 December 1995). The Dayton Agreement retained Bosnia and Herzegovina's international boundaries and created a joint multi-ethnic and democratic government. This national government is charged with conducting foreign, economic, and fiscal policy. Also recognized was a second tier of government comprised of two entities roughly equal in size: the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska (RS). The Federation and RS governments are charged with overseeing internal functions. In 1995–96, a NATO-led international peacekeeping force (IFOR) of 60,000 troops served in Bosnia to implement and monitor the military aspects of the agreement. IFOR was succeeded by a smaller, NATO-led Stabilization Force (SFOR) whose mission is to deter renewed hostilities. SFOR remains in place at a level of approximately 21,000 troops.

      Bosnia and Herzegovina Geography

      Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia

      Geographic coordinates: 44 00 N, 18 00 E

      Map references: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Europe

      Area: total: 51,129 sq km

      land: 51,129 sq km

      water: 0 sq km

      Area - comparative: slightly smaller than West Virginia

      Land boundaries: total: 1,459 km

      border countries: Croatia 932 km, Yugoslavia 527 km

      Coastline: 20 km

      Maritime claims: NA

      Climate: hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast

      Terrain: mountains and valleys

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m

      highest point: Maglic 2,386 m

      Natural resources: coal, iron, bauxite, manganese, forests, copper, chromium, lead, zinc, hydropower

      Land use: arable land: 14%

      permanent crops: 5%

      permanent pastures: 20%

      forests and woodland: 39%

      other: 22% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 20 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: destructive earthquakes

      Environment - current issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; water shortages and destruction of infrastructure because of the 1992–95 civil strife

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Air Pollution,

       Climate Change, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear

       Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection

      signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography - note: within Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized borders, the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and traditionally has been settled by an ethnic Croat majority

      Bosnia and Herzegovina People

      Population: 3,922,205

      note: all data dealing with population are subject to considerable error because of the dislocations caused by military action and ethnic cleansing (July 2001 est.)

      Age structure: 0–14 years: 20.13% (male 405,713; female 383,850)

      15–64 years: 70.78% (male 1,422,796; female 1,353,410)

      65 years and over: 9.09% (male 150,802; female 205,634) (2001 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.38% (2001 est.)

      Birth rate: 12.86 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

      Death rate: 7.99 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

      Net migration rate: 8.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female

      under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

      15–64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

      65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female

      total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 24.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 71.75 years

      male: 69.04 years

      female: 74.65 years (2001 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 1.71 children born/woman (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.04% (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: NA

      HIV/AIDS - deaths: less than 100 (1999 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Bosnian(s), Herzegovinian(s)

      adjective: Bosnian, Herzegovinian

      Ethnic groups: Serb 31%, Bosniak 44%, Croat 17%, Yugoslav 5.5%, other 2.5% (1991)

      note: Bosniak has replaced muslim as an ethnic term in part to avoid confusion with the religious term Muslim - an adherent of Islam

      Religions: Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Roman Catholic 15%, Protestant 4%, other 10%

      Languages: Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian

      Literacy: definition: NA

      total population: NA%

      male: NA%

      female: NA%

      Bosnia and Herzegovina Government

      Country name: conventional long form: none

      conventional short form: Bosnia and Herzegovina

      local long form: none

      local short form: Bosna i Hercegovina

      Government type: emerging democracy

      Capital: Sarajevo

      Administrative divisions: there are two first-order administrative divisions - the Bosniak/Croat Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federacija Bosna i Hercegovina) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska; note - Brcko in northeastern Bosnia is a self-governing administrative unit under the sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina; it is not part of either the Federation or Republika Srpska

      Independence: 1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia)

      National holiday: National Day, 25 November (1943)

      Constitution: the Dayton Agreement, signed 14 December 1995, included a new constitution now in force

      Legal system: based on civil law system

      Suffrage: 16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal

      Executive branch: chief of state: Chairman of the Presidency Jozo

       KRIZANOVI (chairman since 14 June 2001, presidency member since NA

       March 2001 - Croat); other members of the three-member rotating

       (every 8 months) presidency: Zivko RADISIC (since 13 October 1998 -

       Serb) and Beriz BELKIC (since NA March 2001 - Bosniak); note - Ante