The Science of Health Disparities Research. Группа авторов

7 Genome‐wide Genetic Approaches to Metabolic and Inflammatory Health Disparities 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Landscape of Genetic Variation 7.3 Pathogenic Potential of Low‐frequency and Rare Variants 7.4 Admixture in the Americas 7.5 Identifying Disease Genes Associated with Health Disparities: Methods and Approaches 7.6 Joint Admixture Mapping and Genome‐wide Association Studies for Gene Discovery in Admixed Populations 7.7 Whole‐Genome and Whole‐Exome Sequencing Approaches to Health Disparities 7.8 Summary 7.9 Key Points Definitions Disclaimer References

      14  8 Biologic Factors and Molecular Determinants in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases 8.1 Introduction and Approaches 8.2 Asthma 8.3 Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, and Diabetes 8.4 Lupus and Other Rheumatologic Diseases 8.5 Kidney Disease 8.6 Key Points Disclaimer References

      15  9 Insights into the Genomic Landscape of African Ancestry PopulationsImplications for Health and Disease Disparities 9.1 Introduction: Viewing the Complex Architecture of African Genomes from a Global Perspective 9.2 Adaptive Forces that Shaped the Human Genome in Health and Disease among African Ancestry Populations 9.3 Pharmacogenomics 9.4 Considerations for Future Studies 9.5 Conclusions 9.6 Key Points Disclaimer References

      16  10 Applying Self‐report Measures in Minority Health and Health Disparities Research 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Measurement Issues When Using Self‐report Measures in Diverse Populations 10.3 Methods for Evaluating Conceptual and Psychometric Properties of Self‐report Measures 10.4 Locating and Selecting Self‐report Measures for Use in Diverse Populations 10.5 Adapting Measures for Diverse Populations 10.6 Future Directions 10.7 Conclusions 10.8 Key Points Disclaimer References

      17  11 Conducting Community‐based Participatory Research with Minority Communities to Reduce Health Disparities 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Conducting Community‐based Participatory Research with Minority Communities to Reduce Health Disparities 11.3 Evidence of CBPR Effectiveness and Advancement in CBPR Evaluation 11.4 Case Studies 11.5 Anticipating Challenges and Opportunities in CBPR 11.6 Research Support for CBPR 11.7 Conclusions 11.8 Key Points Disclaimer References

      18  12 Racial/Ethnic Health and Healthcare Disparities MeasurementThe Application of the Principles and Methods of Causal Inference 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Aligning Definitions of Disparity with Appropriate Statistical Methods 12.3 A Method of Measuring Healthcare Disparities Incorporating a “Counterfactual” Scenario 12.4 Extending the Use of “Partial Differencing” to Identifying Targets for Health and Healthcare Disparities Reduction Using Decomposition Methods 12.5 Adapting Causal Models to Identify Interventions to Reduce Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities 12.6 Investigating the Meaning of the Race/Ethnicity Coefficient in Regression Models 12.7 Statistical Methods Used to Evaluate Causal Effects in Intervention Studies 12.8 Conclusion and Limitations 12.9 Key Points Disclaimer References

      19  13 Small Area Estimation and Bayesian Disease Mapping for Minority Health and Health Disparities