Automation of Water Resource Recovery Facilities. Water Environment Federation

1.0 THE COMPELLING NEED FOR TRAINING

       2.0 SUSTAINABILITY OF A TRAINING PROGRAM

       3.0 TRAINING PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

       4.0 TRAINING PROGRAM DESIGN

       5.0 CONTROL SYSTEMS TRAINING

       6.0 SUMMARY

       7.0 REFERENCE

       8.0 SUGGESTED READINGS

       Index

      List of Figures

      2.1 Performance comparison for a WRRF with manual and automatic SRT process control

      2.2 Risk analysis example

      3.1 Typical automation project execution

      3.2 Ability to influence construction costs over time

      4.1 Example of a P&ID

      4.2 Example of a PFD

      4.3 Process and instrumentation diagram legend and symbol drawing

      4.4 Example of a control system architecture diagram

      7.1 Information flow in a process

      7.2 An example of information flow in feedback process control

      7.3 A first-order system and the response curve for a change in input concentration from 0.0 to 1.

      7.4 An example of a second-order system and a response curve for a change in input concentration from 0.0 to 1.0

      7.5 Model predictive control strategy

      7.6 Components of a back propagation ANN model

      7.7 Functions of a neural network node

      7.8 Artificial neural network model without feedback

      7.9 Artificial neural network model with feedback

      7.10 Lead–lag control

      7.11 Flow-proportional control of chlorination

      7.12 Chlorine residual feedback control of chlorination

      7.13 Flow/residual compound control of chlorination

      7.14 Instrument ranges and control bands in dechlorination control

      7.15 Typical time delays in dechlorination control

      7.16 Flow and residual feed-forward control of dechlorination

      7.17 Compound control for dechlorination

      7.18 Two-step feed control of dechlorination

      8.1 Error as a function of span or reading

      8.2 Overview of test

      8.3 Proper configuration for sampling lines

      8.4 Positioning of a sampling line in a pipe

      8.5 Analog vs digital data transmission to SCADA

      8.6 Ethernet connections

      9.1 Faraday’s principle of electromagnetic induction

      9.2 Magnetic flow meter grounding

      9.3 Transit time ultrasonic flow meter

      9.4 Doppler ultrasonic flow meter

      9.5 Weir shapes

      9.6 Shape and sections of a Parshall flume

      9.7 Head relationship for free flow

      9.8 Pitot tube piping requirements

      9.9 Typical full-body Venturi

      9.10 Turbine flow meter recommended piping installation

      9.11 The Coriolis forces produced at the measuring tubes cause a phase shift in the oscillation of the tube

      9.12 Schematic of open tank bubbler application

      9.13 Capacitance probe electrical equivalent

      9.14 Differential-pressure wet-leg level system

      9.15 Typical ultrasonic level transducer mounting

      9.16 An example of a guided-wave radar probe

      9.17 Conventional galvanic measuring cell

      9.18 Clark polarographic measuring cell

      9.19 Ross polarographic measuring cell

      9.20 Luminescent dissolved oxygen sensor

      9.21 Relationship between pH, temperature OCL, and HOCL

      9.22 DPD—chlorine