Emergency Medicine Simulation Workbook. Группа авторов

       What are risk factors for sigmoid volvulus?

       What abnormalities can be seen on abdominal x‐ray in a patient with sigmoid volvulus?

       What is the management for a patient diagnosed with sigmoid volvulus? Is surgery always required?

REFERENCES FOR SIGMOID VOLVULUS

      1 1. Bauman, Z.M. and Evans, C.H. (2018). Volvulus. Surg. Clin. North Am. 98 (5): 973–993.

      2 2. Gingold, D. and Murrell, Z. (2012). Management of colonic volvulus. Clin. Colon Rectal Surg. 25 (4): 236–244.

SELECTED READING FOR SIGMOID VOLVULUS

      1 Vestal, H.S., Sowden, G., Nejad, S. et al. (2017). Simulation‐based training for residents in the management of acute agitation: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Acad. Psychiatry 41 (1): 62–67.

APPENDIX

FIGURE 1.1 Abdominal x‐ray showing distended bowel with early intraluminal gas.

FIGURE 1.2 Abdominal ultrasound showing pneumatosis.

FIGURE 1.3 Radiological interpretation of abdominal x‐ray of concern for necrotizing enterocolitis.

FIGURE 1.4 Radiological interpretation of abdominal ultrasound showing pneumatosis.

FIGURE 1.5 Flow diagram: necrotizing enterocolitis.

FIGURE 1.6 Chest x‐ray showing no active pulmonary disease.

FIGURE 1.7 Radiological reading of chest x‐ray (normal).

FIGURE 1.8 Head computed tomography (static image 1‐cut) showing no intracranial abnormality.

FIGURE 1.9 Radiology read computed tomography of the head (normal).

FIGURE 1.10 Ultrasound of right upper quadrant (static image) showing biliary dilation.

FIGURE 1.11 Radiology read showing biliary dilation concerning for choledocholithiasis.

FIGURE 1.12 Computed tomography of the abdomen/pelvis with intravenous contrast (static image, 1‐cut) showing grossly dilated common bile duct.

FIGURE 1.13 Computed tomography read concerning for acute cholangitis.

FIGURE 1.14 Electrocardiogram showing sinus tachycardia.

FIGURE 1.15 Flow diagram: ascending cholangitis.

FIGURE 1.16 Abdominal x‐ray showing evidence of distended sigmoid colon.

FIGURE 1.17 Radiological report of abdominal x‐ray.