Veterinary Endoscopy for the Small Animal Practitioner. Группа авторов

(a) An 11 mm diameter, 10.5 cm...Figure 2.39 A 6 mm diameter, 10.5 cm long Ternamain Endo TIP cannula, with a...Figure 2.40 A 3.9 mm diameter, 5.0 cm long lightweight trocar‐cannula with a...Figure 2.41 Flexible instruments for use with flexible endoscopes and rigid ...Figure 2.42 An example of rigid instruments used with rigid telescopes. The ...Figure 2.43 An example of a rigid 5 mm diameter, 36 cm long minimally invasi...

      3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Silverline video‐gastroscope from Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, with 1....Figure 3.2 A veterinary‐specific feline video gastroscope (outer diameter 5....Figure 3.3 Schematic figure of four‐way tip deflection with at least one way...Figure 3.4 Schematic drawing of the handpiece of a video‐gastroscope.Figure 3.5 Distal tip of video endoscope; note the working channel (a), fibe...Figure 3.6 Commonly used accessory instruments for flexible GI endoscopy: (f...Figure 3.7 Different types of biopsy forceps (top to bottom): smooth‐edged, ...Figure 3.8 Four‐wire basket, alligator grasper, and rat tooth (top to bottom...Figure 3.9 Foreign body grasping instrument (length 60 cm) that is used alon...Figure 3.10 Cytology brush with protective tubing to obtain cytology samples...Figure 3.11 Holding the handpiece of the endoscope with the left hand. The i...Figure 3.12 The rubber cap on the instrumentation channel of a rigid endosco...Figure 3.13 Foreign body grasper that is integrated into the sheath of a rig...Figure 3.14 Histopathology of two endoscopically taken duodenal biopsies. Sa...Figure 3.15 Obstructed view of gastric mucosa in a dog that has recently ing...Figure 3.16 Drawing showing a dog in left lateral recumbency with normal ori...Figure 3.17 Self‐made model for training of flexible endoscopy. Plastic tube...Figure 3.18 Ex‐vivo stomach model of a pig. The stomach is obtained from the...Figure 3.19 Training of flexible esophago‐gastro‐duodenoscopy in a live anim...Figure 3.20 (a) Plain thoracic radiograph of an eight‐year‐old male Cairn Te...Figure 3.21 Normal appearance of upper esophageal sphincter in a dog.Figure 3.22 Pictures of normal esophagus: (a) normal esophagus of a dog with...Figure 3.23 Typical appearance of normal esophagus of a cat with “herringbon...Figure 3.24 Trachea is visible over the base of the heart at 7 o'clock posit...Figure 3.25 At the cardia, the gastric mucosa can be seen extending into the...Figure 3.26 Examples of open cardia and Z‐line in two French Bulldogs. This ...Figure 3.27 Pictures of mild‐to‐severe esophagitis. (a) Mildly irregular muc...Figure 3.28 Pictures of esophageal strictures. (a) A seven‐month‐old Doberma...Figure 3.29 Esophageal stenosis in a three‐month‐old kitten which looks endo...Figure 3.30 Pictures of esophageal foreign bodies: (a) nine‐year‐old Papillo...Figure 3.31 Pictures of esophageal tumors: (a) adenocarcinoma of the esophag...Figure 3.32 A gastric leiomyosarcoma protruding into the esophagus in a 12‐y...Figure 3.33 Two images of Spirocerca lupi with a granuloma in the esophagus ...Figure 3.34 Pictures of a vascular ring anomaly: (a) a typical band seen in ...Figure 3.35 Gastroesophageal intussusception in a 12‐year‐old 27 kg mixed br...Figure 3.36 A nine‐year‐old Border Collie with chronic vomiting and signs of...Figure 3.37 Anatomy of the stomach and cranial duodenum. It is important to ...Figure 3.38 (a) With a dog placed in left lateral recumbency, the tip of the...Figure 3.39 (a) The normal stomach with the animal in left lateral recumbenc...Figure 3.40 Various pictures of the normal, closed, or partly open pylorus: ...Figure 3.41 Examples of iatrogenic damage of duodenal mucosa after the biops...Figure 3.42 The normal stomach with the patient in left lateral recumbency a...Figure 3.43 (a) Clearly visible rugal folds seen upon entering a normal part...Figure 3.44 Various pictures of normal duodenal mucosa: (a) 2‐year‐old 22 kg...Figure 3.45 Various pictures of normal duodenal papillae: (a) 3‐year‐old Bri...Figure 3.46 Gastric erosions (a) in a nine‐year‐old Border Collie and (b) in...Figure 3.47 Gastric friability in a 12‐year‐old European Shorthair cat with ...Figure 3.48 Gastric granularity (a) in a six‐year‐old giant Schnauzer with h...Figure 3.49 Gastric ulcers (a) in a 13‐year‐old Domestic Shorthair cat with ...Figure 3.50 Gastric masses (a) in a 12‐year‐old mixed breed dog with a polyp...Figure 3.51 Duodenal mucosal friability (a) in a five‐year‐old Jack Russel T...Figure 3.52 Duodenal granularity of various severities: (a) mild granularity...Figure 3.53 Duodenal erosion in a four‐year‐old Bichon Frise with