Manual of Equine Lameness. Gary M. Baxter

nerve courses over the cranial edge of the sca...Figure 3.91 Prominent atrophy of the supraspinatus muscle is evident in this...Figure 3.92 Prominent swelling located over the lateral right shoulder regio...Figure 3.93 Fracture of the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula with modera...

      4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Bones of the left pelvic limb, lateral view.Figure 4.2 Dorsal view of the right tarsus.Figure 4.3 Lateromedial radiographic view of the tarsus of a foal showing co...Figure 4.4 (a) Radiographic changes of OA of the distal tarsal joints can va...Figure 4.5 Lateral scintigram (a) and radiograph (b) of the tarsus of a hors...Figure 4.6 Dorsolateral‐plantaromedial radiograph of the tarsus demonstratin...Figure 4.7 Dorsomedial plantarolateral radiographs demonstrating OCD lesions...Figure 4.8 Tarsal radiograph (a; arrow) and CT (b) demonstrating a slab frac...Figure 4.9 A stressed lateromedial radiograph (a) used to help demonstrate o...Figure 4.10 The DP radiographic projection on the left (a) demonstrates disp...Figure 4.11 Oblique radiograph of a horse that had been kicked on the medial...Figure 4.12 This young horse had a history of previous trauma to the tarsus....Figure 4.13 Stay apparatus of the pelvic limb. Please note that the term “fi...Figure 4.14 Well‐circumscribed osteolytic or osseous cyst‐like lesion (arrow...Figure 4.15 Clinical (a) and radiographic (b) appearance of a horse with swe...Figure 4.16 Caudal view of the tarsi in a horse with severe swelling within ...Figure 4.17 Medial view of the left tarsus. The long medial collateral ligam...Figure 4.18 Iodinated contrast material has been injected into the tarsal sh...Figure 4.19 Thoroughpin can involve the lateral (a; arrow) or medial aspect ...Figure 4.20 (a) Oblique radiographs of two different horses demonstrating an...Figure 4.21 Rupture of the peroneus tertius disrupts the reciprocal apparatu...Figure 4.22 Lateral digital extensor myotenectomy illustrating the proximal ...Figure 4.23 Lateral scintigram (a) showing a mild IRU in the distal tibia wi...Figure 4.24 Radiograph demonstrating an incomplete tibial fracture (arrows)....Figure 4.25 Injuries that impart significant energy to the tibia often cause...Figure 4.26 Dorsal view of the right stifle, crus, and tarsus. The long digi...Figure 4.27 Fractures of the tibial tuberosity most often occur in mature sp...Figure 4.28 This small, chronic fracture of the lateral tibial tuberosity wa...Figure 4.29 Line illustration (a) and caudocranial radiograph (b) of the sti...Figure 4.30 Excessive flexion of the hock in a foal with rupture of the left...Figure 4.31 Lateral view of the stifle in a horse with severe femoropatellar...Figure 4.32 Anatomic image of the trochlear ridges of the distal femur. The ...Figure 4.33 Radiographs of three cases of OCD of the lateral trochlear ridge...Figure 4.34 Cranioproximal to craniodistal (skyline) projections showing a t...Figure 4.35 Flexed lateromedial radiograph of the stifle demonstrating fragm...Figure 4.36 Typical stance of a horse with a patella fracture. This horse ha...Figure 4.37 A horse with severe upward fixation of the patella. The limb is ...Figure 4.38 Grades of subchondral cystic lesions (SCLs).Figure 4.39 Deep dissection of the caudal aspect of the right stifle. The jo...Figure 4.40 Caudal‐cranial radiographs of the stifle in a yearling filly (a)...Figure 4.41 Radiograph (a), ultrasound (b), and intraoperative (c) images de...Figure 4.42 A caudal‐cranial radiographic image showing osteophytes on the m...Figure 4.43 (a) Ultrasonographic image of a severe meniscal tear that correl...Figure 4.44 Caudal‐cranial radiographic image of a stifle with a ruptured me...Figure 4.45 (a) Flexed lateromedial radiographic image that demonstrates fra...Figure 4.46 Drawing depicting the muscles in the fibrotic area in the gaskin...Figure 4.47 Images of the adult horse that sustained an acute muscle injury....Figure 4.48 Caudal thigh region where the myotomy procedure is performed to ...Figure 4.49 Caudal view of an adult with severe swelling of the femoral regi...Figure 4.50 (a) Lateromedial oblique view of the stifle of a weanling taken ...Figure 4.51 Lateral radiograph of a weanling with a Type II distal femoral f...Figure 4.52 Recumbent radiographs of the pelvis of two different foals with ...Figure 4.53 Deep dissection of the right hip, ventromedial view.Figure 4.54 Image of the hind end of a pony demonstrating a shorter left hin...Figure 4.55 Ventrodorsal (a) and standing lateral (b) radiographs of the pel...Figure 4.56 Lateral view of an aged pony with the typical toe‐out, hock‐in s...Figure 4.57 An older Quarter horse mare with grade 3/5 hindlimb lameness. Sw...Figure 4.58 Ventrodorsal radiograph of the pelvis of the horse in Figure 4.5...Figure 4.59 Ventrodorsal radiographs of the pelvis of two different three‐mo...

      5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Pelvis and sacroiliac joint, lateral (top) and cranial (bottom) v...Figure 5.2 Young horse with asymmetry of the pelvis, muscle atrophy over the...Figure 5.3 Ultrasonographic image of mildly displaced ilial wing fracture. A...Figure 5.4 (a) Cranial view of the pelvis demonstrating swelling and a wound...Figure 5.5 Ultrasonographic image of an acetabular fracture. At the left is ...Figure 5.6 Ventrodorsal radiograph of the coxofemoral joint demonstrating a ...Figure 5.7 Radiograph of a horse with bone proliferation between the coccyge...Figure 5.8 Schematic drawing of the sacroiliac joint region and the adjacent...Figure 5.9 Caudal view of a horse with asymmetric tuber sacrales. Due to lig...Figure 5.10 Pain provocation test for SI joint pain. The left hand of the ex...Figure 5.11 Vertebrae of the horse illustrating the varied size and shape of...Figure 5.12 Delayed phase LDO view of the mid‐thoracic vertebrae of a horse,...Figure 5.13 Scintigraphic image showing mild focal IRU at the summit of T18;...Figure 5.14 Delayed phase LDO view of the withers of a horse, showing a foca...Figure 5.15 Parasagittal (a) and transverse (b) CT images illustrating a cra...Figure 5.16 Radiographic image of the thoracic spine of a horse with severe ...Figure 5.17 Anatomical specimen of the lumbar spine with the facet joints vi...Figure 5.18 Radiographic image of the thoracic spine (oblique lateral view) ...Figure 5.19 (a) Radiographic image of the cervical spine with C5, C6, and C7...Figure 5.20 Delayed phase left lateral view of the caudal cervical region of...

      6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Thoracolumbar spinal extension mobilization. A gentle rhythmic fo...Figure 6.2 Manual therapy mobilization technique. A combination of passive p...Figure 6.3 Manual therapy mobilization with movement technique. A combined r...Figure 6.4 Baited mobilization with movement exercises; lateral bending coup...Figure 6.5 Horse standing with all four limbs on firm textured balance pads....Figure 6.6 Sensory integration technique. A lightweight (55‐g) tactile stimu...Figure 6.7 Sensory integration. In this example of a taping technique of the...

      7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Horse with a closed luxation of the fetlock joint with deviation ...Figure 7.2 Horse with a puncture wound and established infection within the ...Figure 7.3 This wound, on the dorsal aspect of the fetlock healed by second ...Figure 7.4 (a) Standing and (b) stressed radiographs of a horse with subluxa...Figure 7.5 Incomplete, non‐displaced fracture of the radius that was not ide...Figure 7.6 Functional divisions of the horse’s limbs that can be used as a g...Figure 7.7 Dorsal cortical alignment is represented by the white line on the...Figure 7.8 The Kimzey Leg Saver splint is a commercially available device us...Figure 7.9 Placement for a caudal and lateral splint for a mid‐forelimb frac...Figure 7.10 Stabilization for middle and proximal radius fractures. The tall...Figure 7.11 Caudal splint used to lock the carpus in extension and restore t...Figure 7.12 Use of a board as a plantar splint for stabilization of a distal...Figure 7.13 An aluminum rod has been shaped to extend from the ground up ove...Figure 7.14 This relatively minor wound on the medial aspect of the tarsus w...Figure 7.15 Intravenous regional limb perfusions using a pneumatic tournique...Figure 7.16 The dorsal metatarsus is a common location for extensor tendon l...Figure 7.17 Avulsion injuries on the dorsal aspect of the metacarpus/metatar...Figure 7.18 Illustration of the biomechanical effects of lacerations of both...Figure 7.19 Characteristic elevation of the toe during weight‐bearing follow...Figure 7.20 Typical location and appearance of a laceration of the flexor te...

      Guide

      1  Cover Page

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright Page

      4  Contributors

      5  Preface

      6  Common Terminologies and Abbreviations

      7