Manual of Equine Lameness. Gary M. Baxter

2.36 This horse had a draining tract at the dorsal coronet, but no ab...Figure 2.37 This horse presented for an acute onset hindlimb lameness. A nai...Figure 2.38 Taking radiographs of the foot prior to removing the foreign bod...Figure 2.39 This horse had a history of stepping on a farriery nail with its...Figure 2.40 Lateromedial (LM) projection of the distal limb after injection ...Figure 2.41 Three‐dimensional dissection of the coronary region of the hoof ...Figure 2.42 Dorsopalmar radiograph of P3 demonstrating a smooth margined lyt...Figure 2.43 Single CT image of a foot (a) demonstrating a defect within the ...Figure 2.44 Hoof wall removal directly over the keratoma that was located wi...Figure 2.45 Extensive separation under lateral hoof wall causing a shift of ...Figure 2.46 Dorsal hoof wall resection to treat a horse with WLD. Note the s...Figure 2.47 A is thrush. Note the deterioration of the frog that is recessed...Figure 2.48 Topography of the solar surface of the hoof. The right half has ...Figure 2.49 Small, pale, demarcated growth along the caudal aspect of the fr...Figure 2.50 In symmetrical distal displacement, the distal phalanx descends ...Figure 2.51 In medial or lateral asymmetrical displacement (a), one side of ...Figure 2.52 (a and b) In horses with early chronic laminitis, the surface of...Figure 2.53 Photomicrograph of laminae of the equine hoof. In the top image,...Figure 2.54 Several measurements obtained from lateral radiographs of the di...Figure 2.55 For assessment of rotation of the distal phalanx, the clinician ...Figure 2.56 (a) At rest, the foot is stable with respect to the ground. The ...Figure 2.57 This horse has medial asymmetrical distal displacement, evidence...Figure 2.58 Tenotomy of the DDFT is most commonly performed while standing a...Figure 2.59 Schematic drawings showing the ideal hoof‐pastern axis (a), exte...Figure 2.60 (a) Lateral radiograph demonstrating the center of rotation that...Figure 2.61 Heels of the hoof capsule trimmed to the base of the frog. Note ...Figure 2.62 (a) Lateral radiograph that illustrates hoof‐pastern axis (yello...Figure 2.63 Long‐toe low heel foot conformation. Note the broken back hoof‐p...Figure 2.64 Example of a moderate club foot. Note the disparity of the growt...Figure 2.65 (a) Dorsopalmar view of a foot with sheared heels. Note the disp...Figure 2.66 Weanling quarter horses with typical club foot appearances. The ...Figure 2.67 Corrective trimming and shoeing of a horse affected with sheared...Figure 2.68 A partial‐thickness toe crack that developed in a horse with a c...Figure 2.69 A full‐thickness quarter crack just after debridement down to th...Figure 2.70 (a) Acute quarter crack with hemorrhage. Note the tightly packed...Figure 2.71 Straight‐bar shoe (a) with the medial heel unloaded (b). Note th...Figure 2.72 Placement of wires for a quarter crack repair.

      3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Typical enlargement of the pastern that may be visible in horses ...Figure 3.2 Lateral (a) and dorsopalmar (b) radiographs of the pastern region...Figure 3.3 Lateral (a) and dorsopalmar (b) proton density (pd) MRI images of...Figure 3.4 Lateral (a) and DP radiographs (b) of the pastern following place...Figure 3.5 (a) Lateral radiograph of a horse with a dorsal OC fragment (arro...Figure 3.6 Dorsoplantar radiographs of two different young horses demonstrat...Figure 3.7 Lateral radiographic view (a) and postmortem specimen (b) from a ...Figure 3.8 Visual (a) and radiographic (b) lateral views of a young horse wi...Figure 3.9 Sesamoidean ligaments. Dashed lines indicate positions of the pro...Figure 3.10 Oblique radiograph of the pastern region demonstrating a medial ...Figure 3.11 Lateral radiograph of the pastern demonstrating biaxial eminence...Figure 3.12 Lateral (a), dorsoplantar (b), and two oblique (c and d) radiogr...Figure 3.13 CT images of a comminuted P2 fracture that demonstrate the numer...Figure 3.14 Lateral radiograph one year after the biaxial eminence fracture ...Figure 3.15 Dorsopalmar radiographs of the pastern region revealing short (a...Figure 3.16 Lateral radiograph of the fetlock demonstrating a fracture of th...Figure 3.17 Dorsopalmar (a) and lateral (b) radiographs of a horse with a se...Figure 3.18 Lateral radiographs of a nondisplaced, moderately comminuted P1 ...Figure 3.19 Transverse proton density MRI image showing high signal intensit...Figure 3.20 This horse was 4/5 lame in the left hindlimb and had severe effu...Figure 3.21 Images of the same horse in Figure 3.20. (a) Transverse and (b) ...Figure 3.22 (a) Flexed lateral radiograph of the fetlock demonstrating a sma...Figure 3.23 Lateral (a) and oblique (b) radiographs demonstrating a typical ...Figure 3.24 Oblique radiograph of a Quarter horse mare with a large apical s...Figure 3.25 Flexed lateral (a) and DP (b) radiographs demonstrating a small ...Figure 3.26 (a) DP radiograph of a horse with an abaxial sesamoid fracture (...Figure 3.27 Radiographs of the fetlock in two different horses demonstrating...Figure 3.28 DP radiograph (a) and transverse CT image (b) of two different h...Figure 3.29 DLPMO radiograph of the fetlock (a) of a horse with a large peri...Figure 3.30 Sagittal proton density MR image depicting marked cartilage dama...Figure 3.31 (a) The distal aspect of the third metacarpal condyles demonstra...Figure 3.32 Flexed lateral (a) and dorsopalmar (b) radiographs of two differ...Figure 3.33 (a) DP radiograph of a horse with a subchondral cystic lesion in...Figure 3.34 (a) Lateral radiograph of a horse with disruption of the distal ...Figure 3.35 This horse had swelling of the DFTS and evidence of constriction...Figure 3.36 Tenoscopic view within the DFTS following transection of the ann...Figure 3.37 Bones of the left equine thoracic limb (lateral view).Figure 3.38 A racing Quarter horse with the classical metacarpal profile of ...Figure 3.39 Lateromedial radiograph showing a dorsal cortical fracture of MC...Figure 3.40 Condylar fractures. (a) Incomplete, (b) complete nondisplaced, (...Figure 3.41 Radiographs of a spiraling medial condylar fracture in a racing ...Figure 3.42 This oblique radiograph of the tarsus revealed an incomplete pro...Figure 3.43 (a) Open comminuted mid‐diaphyseal fracture of MTIII in a seven‐...Figure 3.44 Visible enlargement of the medial splint area just distal to the...Figure 3.45 This large exostosis of the medial splint contributed to lamenes...Figure 3.46 Fractures of the distal splint bones such as this rarely heal an...Figure 3.47 Proximal fractures of the fourth metatarsal bone are often commi...Figure 3.48 Chronic middle splint fracture with secondary drainage and perio...Figure 3.49 A dorsomedial‐palmarolateral oblique radiograph of the carpus sh...Figure 3.50 The attachments of the suspensory ligament at the proximal palma...Figure 3.51 (a) Nuclear scintigraphy can identify bone injury at the origin ...Figure 3.52 Transverse proton density image of the proximal metatarsal regio...Figure 3.53 Severe dropping of the fetlock together with a straight hock con...Figure 3.54 Classic appearance of mild (a) and more severe (b) SDF tendiniti...Figure 3.55 A “low bow” of the SDFT, as shown in this image, can be associat...Figure 3.56 Ultrasound longitudinal sections through the midportion of a nor...Figure 3.57 Dorsal view of the left carpus.Figure 3.58 Bilateral symmetrical fluid swellings of the lateral aspects of ...Figure 3.59 An adult horse with synovial effusion of the ECR tendon sheath p...Figure 3.60 Carpal ligaments, medial view (a) and lateral view (b).Figure 3.61 (a) A radiographic image showing a subtle fragment on the distal...Figure 3.62 Radiograph demonstrating osteochondral chip fragments off the pr...Figure 3.63 30° degree flexed dorsoproximal dorsodistal oblique radiograph s...Figure 3.64 Lateromedial (a) and flexed lateromedial (b) radiographs of a fr...Figure 3.65 Aged mare with varus deviation of the left forelimb and swelling...Figure 3.66 Radiographs demonstrating mild signs of osteoarthritis, includin...Figure 3.67 A radiograph demonstrating collapse of the medial aspect of the ...Figure 3.68 Palmaromedial view of carpus with flexor retinaculum cut and ref...Figure 3.69 Carpal canal swelling visible (arrow) and palpable on the latera...Figure 3.70 Lateral radiograph of the carpus demonstrating an osteochondroma...Figure 3.71 Flexed lateral radiograph of the carpus of a horse with a chroni...Figure 3.72 A cranial‐caudal view of a distal diaphyseal comminuted fracture...Figure 3.73 Wound on the medial aspect of the antebrachium from a kick injur...Figure 3.74 A transverse complete midshaft fracture of the radius of a foal....Figure 3.75 A nuclear scintigraphic examination of increased uptake of radio...Figure 3.76 Classification of equine ulnar fractures.Figure 3.77 Lateral view of the left elbow. Dashed lines represent the locat...Figure 3.78 Typical dropped elbow appearance and the inability to extend the...Figure 3.79 (a) Type III ulnar fracture. Courtesy of Lorrie Gaschen. (b) Typ...Figure 3.80 Comminuted ulna fracture in a young foal (a) that healed flowing...Figure 3.81 Subchondral cystic lesion located on the axial aspect of the lat...Figure 3.82 A chronic, infected, acquired capped elbow of the left forelimb....Figure 3.83 (a) Oblique lateral view of a spiral nonarticular fracture of th...Figure 3.84 Nuclear scintigraphic examination of the humerus with increased ...Figure 3.85 Core lesion of the medial branch of the biceps tendon just dista...Figure 3.86 Osseous changes on the tubercles of the cranioproximal humerus (...Figure 3.87 Radiographic manifestations of OCD of the shoulder. (a) The defe...Figure 3.88 Postmortem view of a large OCD lesion of the caudal humeral head...Figure 3.89 Radiographs of a subluxated left shoulder in a miniature