The 1992 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

       7% (1990 est.)

       Unemployment rate:

       5.0% (1988 est.)

       Budget:

       revenues $92.8 million; expenditures $101 million, including capital

       expenditures of $NA (1990 est.)

       Exports:

       $33.2 million (f.o.b., 1990)

       commodities:

       petroleum products 48%, manufactures 23%, food and live animals 4%,

       machinery and transport equipment 17%

       partners:

       OECS 26%, Barbados 15%, Guyana 4%, Trinidad and Tobago 2%, US 0.3%

       Imports:

       $325.9 million (c.i.f., 1990)

       commodities:

       food and live animals, machinery and transport equipment, manufactures,

       chemicals, oil

       partners:

       US 27%, UK 16%, Canada 4%, OECS 3%, other 50%

       External debt:

       $250 million (1990 est.)

       Industrial production:

       growth rate 3% (1989 est.); accounts for 3% of GDP

       Electricity:

       52,100 kW capacity; 95 million kWh produced, 1,482 kWh per capita (1991)

       Industries:

       tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household

       appliances)

       Agriculture:

       accounts for 4% of GDP; expanding output of cotton, fruits, vegetables, and

       livestock; other crops - bananas, coconuts, cucumbers, mangoes, sugarcane;

       not self-sufficient in food

       Economic aid:

       US commitments, $10 million (1985-88); Western (non-US) countries, ODA and

       OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $50 million

       Currency:

       East Caribbean dollar (plural - dollars); 1 EC dollar (EC$) = 100 cents

       Exchange rates:

       East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 - 2.70 (fixed rate since 1976)

       Fiscal year:

       1 April - 31 March

      :Antigua and Barbuda Communications

      Railroads:

       64 km 0.760-meter narrow gauge and 13 km 0.610-meter gauge used almost

       exclusively for handling sugarcane

       Highways:

       240 km

       Ports:

       Saint John's

       Merchant marine:

       105 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 364,891 GRT/552,475 DWT; includes 71

       cargo, 3 refrigerated cargo, 12 container, 3 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 1

       multifunction large load carrier, 1 oil tanker, 12 chemical tanker, 2 bulk;

       note - a flag of convenience registry

       Civil air:

       11 major transport aircraft

       Airports:

       3 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways

       2,440-3,659 m; 2 with runways less than 1,220 m

       Telecommunications:

       good automatic telephone system; 6,700 telephones; tropospheric scatter

       links with Saba and Guadeloupe; broadcast stations - 4 AM, 2 FM, 2 TV, 2

       shortwave; 1 coaxial submarine cable; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth

       station

      :Antigua and Barbuda Defense Forces

      Branches:

       Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal Antigua and Barbuda Police

       Force (including the Coast Guard)

       Manpower availability:

       NA

       Defense expenditures:

       exchange rate conversion - $1.4 million, 1% of GDP (FY91)

      :Arctic Ocean Geography

      Total area:

       14,056,000 km2

       Land area:

       14,056,000 km2; includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea,

       East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea,

       Laptev Sea, and other tributary water bodies

       Comparative area:

       slightly more than 1.5 times the size of the US; smallest of the world's

       four oceans (after Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Indian Ocean)

       Coastline:

       45,389 km

       Disputes:

       some maritime disputes (see littoral states)

       Climate:

       persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters

       characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions,

       and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and

       foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow

       Terrain:

       central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages

       about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times

       that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly

       straight line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark

       Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the ice pack is surrounded by open

       seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and

       extends to the encircling land masses; the ocean floor is about 50%

       continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a

       central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera,

       Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonsov Ridge); maximum depth is 4,665 meters in the

       Fram Basin

       Natural resources:

       sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and

       gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals, whales)

       Environment:

       endangered marine species include walruses and whales; ice islands

       occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from

       glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; maximum snow

       cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean and

       lasts about 10 months; permafrost in islands; virtually icelocked from

       October to June; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from

       disruptions or damage

       Note:

       major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific

       Ocean via the Bering Strait); ships subject to superstructure