Graves' Orbitopathy. Группа авторов

Causative Mechanism?

       Are There Specific Risk Factors for Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy?

       Which Symptoms Should Alert Me for Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy?

       What Are the Ophthalmological Signs of Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy?

       Are Additional Investigations Helpful?

       How Fast Can Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy Progress? Is Urgent Treatment Necessary?

       What Is the Evidence Base for the Treatment of Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy?

       Are Predictive Factors for Response to Steroid Treatment in Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy Patients Well Defined?

       What Is the Role of Surgery in Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy?

       How Many Patients Become Blind due to Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy?

       How Can I Recognize Corneal Breakdown?

       What Is the Recommended Treatment of Corneal Breakdown?

       References

       Local Treatment Modalities

      Boboridis, K.; Anagnostis, P. (Thessaloniki)

       Is Graves’ Orbitopathy Related to Ocular Surface Pathology?

       When and How Should We Support the Ocular Surface?

       Can Local Measures Address Eyelid Retraction?

       Can Local Measures Reduce Orbital Inflammation in Graves’ Orbitopathy?

       Can Local Measures Improve the Visual Disturbance and Diplopia?

       References

       Rehabilitative Surgery

      Baldeschi, L. (Brussels)

       Why Is This Chapter Called Rehabilitative Surgery and Not Cosmetic Surgery?

       What Are the Steps and Timing of Rehabilitative Surgery?

       How Should Patients Be Selected for Rehabilitative Surgery?

       References

       Orbital Decompression

      Baldeschi, L. (Brussels); Morris, D.S. (Cardiff)

       What Is Orbital Decompression?

       What Are the Aims of Orbital Decompression?

       What Are the Different Types of Orbital Decompression?

       What Are the Possible Complications of Orbital Decompression?

       Can Complications Be Predicted or Prevented?

       Are Technical Developments in Decompression Surgery and Other Surgical Rehabilitative Procedures for Graves’ Orbitopathy to Be Expected?

       Are Conceptual Developments in Decompression Surgery and Other Surgical Rehabilitative Procedures for Graves’ Orbitopathy to Be Expected?

       References

       Eye Muscle Surgery

      Nardi, M. (Pisa); Eckstein, A. (Essen)

       What Are the Reasons for Impairment of Ocular Motility in Graves’ Orbitopathy?

       Which Muscles Are Involved?

       How Does Decompression Influence Ocular Motility?

       How Do You Identify the Affected Muscles?

       How Can You Avoid Diagnostic Errors in Complex Cases?

       What Is the Optimal Pretreatment before You Start Eye Muscle Surgery?

       When Is the Right Time for Surgery?

       How Do You Deal with Diplopia until Surgery Is Possible?

       How Can You Evaluate the Need for Surgery?

       The Surgical Plan: What Procedures Are Recommended?

       What Are the Possible Complications of Surgery and How Can I Avoid or Manage Them?

       What Can You Realistically Expect from Surgery?

       How Can Success of Surgery Be Measured?

       How