Handbook of Clinical Gender Medicine. Группа авторов

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Название Handbook of Clinical Gender Medicine
Автор произведения Группа авторов
Жанр Зарубежная психология
Серия
Издательство Зарубежная психология
Год выпуска 0
isbn 9783805599306



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XXYY males, however, are also at an increased risk. Comparing the incidence of ASC across different sex aneuploidies does not suggest a simple dosage effect; since the ASC frequently occurs in the context of clear learning disabilities, it could simply be secondary to the latter.

      The Y Chromosome and Autism Spectrum Conditions

      As noted previously, XYY and XXYY males are at an increased risk for ASC, which would be compatible with a role for the Y chromosome. However, it should be noted that an increased risk for ASC may also be present in individuals with Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) which could implicate a pseudoautosomal locus on the sex chromosomes in the etiology of ASC, but this would not necessarily help explain the male bias (as pseudoautosomal regions should act like nonsex chromosomes). Y chromosome effects certainly merit additional research attention, but current evidence is insufficient to determine whether this mechanism could explain the sex bias in ASC.

      Outstanding Issues: Alternative Biological Mechanisms Resulting in Biased Sex Ratios

      There are also a number of other mechanisms which can produce biased sex ratios which have received almost no research attention in relation to ASC, including parental manipulation of the sex ratio, the immunoreactive theory of selective male affliction, and the effects of müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS).

      Parental Manipulation of the Sex Ratio

      The Immunoreactive Theory of Selective Male Affliction

      Müllerian Inhibiting Substance

      Outstanding Issues: Sex Differences in Symptomatology