The 1996 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

2 438 to 3 047 m: 2

       with unpaved runways 1 524 to 2 437 m: 60

       with unpaved runways 914 to 1 523 m: 549 (1995 est.)

      Communications———————

      Telephones: 2.7 million (1983 est.)

      Telephone system: 12,000 public telephones; extensive modern system but many families do not have telephones; despite extensive use of microwave radio relay, the telephone system frequently grounds out during rainstorms, even in Buenos Aires domestic: microwave radio relay and a domestic satellite system with 40 earth stations serve the trunk network international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 171, FM 0, shortwave 13

      Radios: 22.3 million (1991 est.)

      Television broadcast stations: 231

      Televisions: 7.165 million (1991 est.)

      Defense———

      Branches: Argentine Army, Navy of the Argentine Republic,

       Argentine Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Argentine Naval

       Prefecture (Coast Guard only), National Aeronautical Police Force

      Manpower availability: males age 15–49: 8,707,014 males fit for military service: 7,063,304 males reach military age (20) annually: 310,107 (1996 est.)

      Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $4.7 billion, 1.5% of GDP (1995)

      ======================================================================

      @Armenia———

      Map—

      Location: 40 00 N, 45 00 E—Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey

      Flag——

      Description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and

       gold

      Geography————

      Location: Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey

      Geographic coordinates: 40 00 N, 45 00 E

      Map references: Commonwealth of Independent States

      Area:

       total area: 29,800 sq km

       land area: 28,400 sq km

       comparative area: slightly larger than Maryland

      Land boundaries:

       total: 1,254 km

       border countries: Azerbaijan-proper 566 km, Azerbaijan-Naxcivan

       exclave 221 km, Georgia 164 km, Iran 35 km, Turkey 268 km

      Coastline: 0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims: none (landlocked)

      International disputes: supports ethnic Armenians in

       Nagorno-Karabakh in their separatist conflict against the

       Azerbaijani Government; traditional demands on former Armenian lands

       in Turkey have subsided

      Climate: highland continental, hot summers, cold winters

      Terrain: high Armenian Plateau with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley lowest point: Debed River 400 m highest point: Aragats Lerr 4,095 m

      Natural resources: small deposits of gold, copper, molybdenum,

       zinc, alumina

      Land use:

       arable land: 17%

       permanent crops: 3%

       meadows and pastures: 20%

       forest and woodland: 0%

       other: 60%

      Irrigated land: 3,050 sq km (1990)

      Environment:

       current issues: soil pollution from toxic chemicals such as DDT;

       energy blockade, the result of conflict with Azerbaijan, has led to

       deforestation as citizens scavenge for firewood; pollution of

       Hrazdan (Razdan) and Aras Rivers; the draining of Sevana Lich, a

       result of its use as a source for hydropower, threatens drinking

       water supplies; restart of Metsamor nuclear power plant without

       adequate (IAEA-recommended) safety and backup systems

       natural hazards: occasionally severe earthquakes; droughts

       international agreements: party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change,

       Nuclear Test Ban, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified -

       Desertification

      Geographic note: landlocked

      People———

      Population: 3,463,574 (July 1996 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 28% (male 497,461; female 476,649)

       15–64 years: 64% (male 1,085,935; female 1,132,282)

       65 years and over: 8% (male 111,661; female 159,586) (July 1996 est.)

      Population growth rate: 0.02% (1996 est.)

      Birth rate: 16.27 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Death rate: 7.73 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Net migration rate: −8.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female

       all ages: 0.96 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 38.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69.06 years male: 64.44 years female: 73.92 years (1996 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 2.06 children born/woman (1996 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Armenian(s) adjective: Armenian

      Ethnic divisions: Armenian 93%, Azeri 3%, Russian 2%, other

       (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 2% (1989)

       note: as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigrated from

       ======================================================================

      @Aruba——

      (part of the Dutch realm)

      Map—

      Location: 12 30 N, 69 58 W—Caribbean, island in the Caribbean

       Sea, north of Venezuela

      Flag——

      Description: blue with two narrow horizontal yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner

      Geography————

      Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of

       Venezuela

      Geographic coordinates: 12 30 N, 69 58 W

      Map references: Central America and the Caribbean

      Area:

       total area: 193 sq km

       land area: 193 sq km

       comparative area: slightly larger than Washington, DC

      Land boundaries: 0 km

      Coastline: 68.5 km

      Maritime