The 1996 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

owns 12 ships,

       Slovenia 3, Croatia 2, Cyprus 1, and US 1 (1995 est.)

      Airports:

       total: 3

       with paved runways 2 438 to 3 047 m: 1

       with paved runways under 914 m: 2 (1995 est.)

      Communications———————

      Telephones: 6,700

      Telephone system:

       domestic: good automatic telephone system

       international: 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station -

       1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Saba

       (Netherlands Antilles) and Guadeloupe

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 4, FM 2, shortwave 2

      Radios: NA

      Television broadcast stations: 2

      Televisions: 28,000 (1993 est.)

      Defense———

      Branches: Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defense Force, Royal Antigua

       and Barbuda Police Force (includes the Coast Guard)

      Manpower availability:

       males age 15–49: NA

       males fit for military service: NA

      Defense expenditures: exchange rate conversion - $1.4 million, 1%

       of GDP (FY90/91)

      ======================================================================

      @Arctic Ocean——————

      Map—

      Location: 90 00 N, 0 00 E—body of water mostly north of the

       Arctic Circle

      Geography————

      Location: body of water mostly north of the Arctic Circle

      Geographic coordinates: 90 00 N, 0 00 E

      Map references: Arctic Region

      Area:

       total area: 14.056 million sq km

       comparative area: slightly more than 1.5 times the size of the US;

       smallest of the world's four oceans (after Pacific Ocean, Atlantic

       Ocean, and Indian Ocean)

       note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea,

       East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara

       Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies

      Coastline: 45,389 km

      International disputes: some maritime disputes (see littoral states); Svalbard is the focus of a maritime boundary dispute between Norway and Russia

      Climate: polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow

      Terrain: central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling land masses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonsov Ridge) lowest point: Fram Basin −4,665 m highest point: sea level 0 m

      Natural resources: sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales)

      Environment:

       current issues: endangered marine species include walruses and

       whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from

       disruptions or damage

       natural hazards: ice islands occasionally break away from northern

       Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland

       and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually

       icelocked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure

       icing from October to May

       international agreements: NA

      Geographic note: major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia, floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months

      Government—————

      Data code: none; the US Government has not approved a standard for hydrographic codes - see the Cross-Reference List of Hydrographic Data Codes appendix

      Economy———

      Economic overview: Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals.

      Transportation———————

      Ports: Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)

      Transportation note: sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways

      Communications———————

      Telephone system:

       international: no submarine cables

      ======================================================================

      @Argentina————

      Map—

      Location: 34 00 S, 64 00 W—Southern South America, bordering

       the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay

      Flag——

      Description: three equal horizontal bands of light blue (top), white, and light blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face known as the Sun of May

      Geography————

      Location: Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic

       Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay

      Geographic coordinates: 34 00 S, 64 00 W

      Map references: South America

      Area:

       total area: 2,766,890 sq km

       land area: 2,736,690 sq km

       comparative area: slightly less than three-tenths the size of the US

      Land boundaries:

       total: 9,665 km

       border countries: Bolivia 832 km, Brazil 1,224 km, Chile 5,150 km,

       Paraguay 1,880 km, Uruguay 579 km

      Coastline: 4,989 km

      Maritime claims:

       contiguous zone: 24 nm

       continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

       exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

       territorial sea: 12 nm

      International