The Romance of Names. Ernest Weekley

of which the shorter form is Ran or Rand, whence Rankin, Rands, Rance, etc.

      STEEPLE CLAYDON COTTAGERS

Hundred Rolls	Modern Form
Andrew Colle	Collins, Colley
For Nicolas (Chapter V).

William Neuman	Newman, Newcomb.
A man recently settled in the village (Chapter XII).

Adam ate Dene	Dean, Denne, Adeane.
The separate at survives in A'Court and A'Beckett, at the beck head; cf. Allan a' Dale (Chapter XII).

Ralph Mydevynter.	Midwinter.
An old name for Christmas (Chapter IX).

William ate Hull.	Athill, Hill, Hull.
The form hul for hil occurs in Mid. English (Chapter XII).

Hundred Rolls	Modern Form
Gilbert Sutor.	Sutor, Soutar.
On the poor representation of the shoemaker see Chapter XV.

Walter Maraud.
It is easy to understand the disappearance of this name— "A rogue, beggar, vagabond; a varlet, rascall, scoundrell, base knave" (Cotgrave); but it may be represented by Marratt, Marrott, unless these are from Mary (Chapter X).

Nicholas le P.ker.
This may be expanded into Parker, a park-keeper, Packer, a wool-packer, or the medieval Porker, a swine-herd, now lost in Parker.

John Stegand	Stigand, Stiggins.
Anglo-Saxon names survived chiefly among the peasantry (Chapter I).

Roger Mercator.	Marchant, Chapman.
The restored modern spelling merchant has affected the pronunciation of the common noun (Chapter III). The more usual term Chapman is cognate with cheap, chaffer, Chipping, Copenhagen, Ger. kaufen, to buy, etc.

Adam Hoppe.	Hobbs, Hobson, Hopkins.
An example of the interchange of b and P (Chapter III). Hob is usually regarded as one of the rimed forms from Robert (Chapter VI).

Roger Crom.	Crum, Crump.
Lit. crooked, cognate with Ger. krumm. The final -p of Crump is excrescent (Chapter III).

Stephen Cornevaleis	Cornwallis, Cornish.
A name which would begin in Devonshire (Chapter XI).

Hundred Rolls	Modern Form
Walter de Ibernia	Ireland
A much more common name than Scotland, which has been squeezed out by Scott (Chapter XI).

Matilda filia Matildae	Mawson (for Maud-son), Till, Tilley, Tillett, Tillotson, etc.
One of the favourite girl-names during the surname period (Chapter X).

Ralph Vouler.	Fowler
A West-country pronunciation; cf. Vowle for Fowell, Vokes for Foakes (Chapter VI), Venn for Fenn, etc.

John filius Thomae.	Thompson, Tompkins, Tomlin, etc.
One of the largest surname families. It includes Toulmin, a metathesis of Tomlin. In Townson and Tonson it coalesces with Tony, Anthony.

Henry Bolle.	Bull.
In this case evidently a nickname (Chapter I).

Roger Gyle.	Gill.
For names in Gil- see Chapter VI. The form in the roll may, however, represent an uncomplimentary nickname, "guile."

Walter Molendarius.	Miller, Mellen, Milner.
In Milne, Milner, we have the oldest form, representing Vulgar Lat. molina, mill cf. Kilner, from kiln, Lat. culina, kitchen. Millard (Chapter XIX) is perhaps sometimes the same name with excrescent -d.

Thomas Berker.	Barker.
A man who stripped bark, also a tanner. But as a surname reinforced by the Norman form of Fr. berger, a shepherd (Chapter XV).

Hundred Rolls	Modern Form
Matthew Hedde.	Head.
Sometimes local, at the head, but here a nickname; cf. Tate, Tail, sometimes from Fr. tête (Chapter XIII).

Richard Joyet.	Jowett, Jewett.
A diminutive either of Joy or of Julian, Juliana. But it is possible that Joy itself is not the abstract noun, but a shortened form of Julian.

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