The 1991 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

red that is based on the fly side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club

      _#_Note: administered by the US Department of Interior, Office of Territorial and International Affairs; indigenous inhabitants are US nationals, not citizens of the US

      _*Economy #_Overview: Economic development is strongly linked to the US, with which American Samoa does 90% of its foreign trade. Tuna fishing and tuna processing plants are the backbone of the private-sector economy, with canned tuna the primary export. The tuna canneries are the second-largest employer, exceeded only by the government. Other economic activities include meat canning, handicrafts, dairy farming, and a slowly developing tourist industry.

      _#_GNP: $190 million, per capita $5,210; real growth rate NA% (1985)

      _#_Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.3% (1989)

      _#_Unemployment rate: 13.4% (1986)

      _#_Budget: revenues $51.2 million; expenditures $59.9 million, including capital expenditures of $NA million (1990)

      _#_Exports: $288 million (f.o.b., 1987);

      commodities—canned tuna 93%;

      partners—US 99.6%

      _#_Imports: $346 million (c.i.f., 1987);

      commodities—building materials 18%, food 17%, petroleum products 14%;

      partners—US 72%, Japan 7%, NZ 7%, Australia 5%, other 9%

      _#_External debt: $NA

      _#_Industrial production: growth rate NA%

      _#_Electricity: 42,000 kW capacity; 85 million kWh produced, 2,020 kWh per capita (1990)

      _#_Industries: tuna canneries (largely dependent on foreign supplies of raw tuna)

      _#_Agriculture: bananas, coconuts, vegetables, taro, breadfruit, yams, copra, pineapples, papayas

      _#_Economic aid: $21,042,650 million in operational funds and $5,948,931 million in construction funds for capital improvement projects from the US Department of Interior (1991)

      _#_Currency: US currency is used

      _#_Exchange rates: US currency is used

      _#_Fiscal year: 1 October-30 September

      _*Communications #_Railroads: none

      _#_Highways: 350 km total; 150 km paved, 200 km unpaved

      _#_Ports: Pago Pago, Ta'u

      _#_Airports: 4 total, 4 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440 to 3,659 m (international airport at Tafuna, near Pago Pago); small airstrips on Ta'u and Ofu

      _#_Telecommunications: 6,500 telephones; stations—1 AM, 2 FM, 1 TV; good telex, telegraph, and facsimile services; 1 Pacific Ocean INTELSAT earth station, 1 COMSAT earth station

      _*Defense Forces #Note: defense is the responsibility of the US % @Andorra *Geography #_Total area: 450 km2; land area: 450 km2

      _#_Comparative area: slightly more than 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC

      _#_Land boundaries: 125 km total; France 60 km, Spain 65 km

      _#_Coastline: none—landlocked

      _#_Maritime claims: none—landlocked

      _#_Climate: temperate; snowy, cold winters and cool, dry summers

      _#_Terrain: rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys

      _#_Natural resources: hydropower, mineral water, timber, iron ore, lead

      _#_Land use: arable land 2%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 56%; forest and woodland 22%; other 20%

      _#_Environment: deforestation, overgrazing

      _#_Note: landlocked

      _*People #_Population: 53,197 (July 1991), growth rate 2.4% (1991)

      _#_Birth rate: 11 births/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Death rate: 4 deaths/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Net migration rate: 16 migrants/1,000 population (1991)

      _#_Infant mortality rate: 7 deaths/1,000 live births (1991)

      _#_Life expectancy at birth: 74 years male, 81 years female (1991)

      _#_Total fertility rate: 1.3 children born/woman (1991)

      _#_Nationality: noun—Andorran(s); adjective—Andorran

      _#_Ethnic divisions: Catalan stock; Spanish 61%, Andorran 30%, French 6%, other 3%

      _#_Religion: virtually all Roman Catholic

      _#_Language: Catalan (official); many also speak some French and Castilian

      _#_Literacy: NA% (male NA%, female NA%)

      _#_Labor force: NA

      _#_Organized labor: none

      _*Government #_Long-form name: Principality of Andorra

      _#_Type: unique coprincipality under formal sovereignty of president of France and Spanish bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called verguers

      _#_Capital: Andorra la Vella

      _#_Administrative divisions: 7 parishes (parroquies, singular—parroquia); Andorra, Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Les Escaldes, Ordino, Sant Julia de Loria

      _#_Independence: 1278

      _#_Constitution: none; some pareatges and decrees, mostly custom and usage

      _#_Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      _#_National holiday: Mare de Deu de Meritxell, 8 September

      _#_Executive branch: two co-princes (president of France, bishop of Seo de Urgel in Spain), two designated representatives (French veguer, Episcopal veguer), two permanent delegates (French prefect for the department of Pyrenees-Orientales, Spanish vicar general for the Seo de Urgel diocese), president of government, Executive Council

      _#_Legislative branch: unicameral General Council of the Valleys (Consell General de las Valls)

      _#_Judicial branch: civil cases—Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan (France) or the Ecclesiastical Court of the bishop of Seo de Urgel (Spain); criminal cases—Tribunal of the Courts (Tribunal des Cortes)

      _#_Leaders:

      Chiefs of State—French Co-Prince Francois MITTERRAND (since 21

       May 1981), represented by Veguer de Franca Jean Pierre COURTOIS;

       Spanish Episcopal Co-Prince Mgr. Joan MARTI y Alanis (since 31

       January 1971), represented by Veguer Episcopal Francesc BADIA Batalla;

      Head of Government—Oscar RIBAS Reig (since NA January 1990)

      _#_Political parties and leaders: political parties not yet legally recognized; traditionally no political parties but partisans for particular independent candidates for the General Council on the basis of competence, personality, and orientation toward Spain or France; various small pressure groups developed in 1972; first formal political party, Andorran Democratic Association, was formed in 1976 and reorganized in 1979 as Andorran Democratic Party

      _#_Suffrage: universal at age 18

      _#_Elections:

      General Council of the Valleys—last held 11 December 1989 (next to be held December 1993); results—percent of vote NA; seats—(28 total) number of seats by party NA

      _#_Communists: negligible

      _#_Member of: CSCE, INTERPOL, IOC

      _#_Diplomatic