The 2001 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

(1997)

      Internet country code: .cu

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs): 4 (2001)

      Internet users: 60,000 (2000)

      Cuba Transportation

      Railways: total: 11,969 km

      standard gauge: 4,807 km 1.435-m gauge (147 km electrified)

      note: in addition to the 4,807 km of standard gauge track in public use, 7,162 km of track is in private use by sugar plantations; about 90% of the private use track is standard gauge and the rest is narrow gauge (2000)

      Highways: total: 60,858 km

      paved: 29,820 km (including 638 km of expressway)

      unpaved: 31,038 km (1997)

      Waterways: 240 km

      Ports and harbors: Cienfuegos, Havana, Manzanillo, Mariel, Matanzas,

       Nuevitas, Santiago de Cuba

      Merchant marine: total: 15 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 54,821 GRT/78,062 DWT

      ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 7, liquefied gas 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 5 (2000 est.)

      Airports: 171 (2000 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 77

      over 3,047 m: 7

      2,438 to 3,047 m: 9

      1,524 to 2,437 m: 16

      914 to 1,523 m: 10

      under 914 m: 35 (2000 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 94

      914 to 1,523 m: 31

      under 914 m: 63 (2000 est.)

      Cuba Military

      Military branches: Revolutionary Armed Forces (FAR) includes ground

       forces, Revolutionary Navy (MGR), Air and Air Defense Force

       (DAAFAR), Territorial Troops Militia (MTT), and Youth Labor Army

       (EJT); the Border Guard (TGF) is controlled by the Interior Ministry

      Military manpower - military age: 17 years of age

      Military manpower - availability: males age 15–49: 3,090,633

      females age 15–49: 3,029,274 (2001 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15–49: 1,911,160

      females age 15–49: 1,867,958 (2001 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually: males: 79,562

      females: 85,650 (2001 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure: $NA

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP: roughly 4% (FY95 est.)

      Military - note: Moscow, for decades the key military supporter and supplier of Cuba, cut off almost all military aid by 1993

      Cuba Transnational Issues

      Disputes - international: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay is leased to US and only mutual agreement or US abandonment of the area can terminate the lease

      Illicit drugs: territorial waters and air space serve as transshipment zone for cocaine bound for the US and Europe; established the death penalty for certain drug-related crimes in 1999

      ======================================================================

      @Cyprus

      Cyprus Introduction

      Background: Independence from the UK was approved in 1960 with constitutional guarantees by the Greek Cypriot majority to the Turkish Cypriot minority. In 1974, a Greek-sponsored attempt to seize the government was met by military intervention from Turkey, which soon controlled almost 40% of the island. In 1983, the Turkish-held area declared itself the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus", but it is recognized only by Turkey. UN-led talks on the status of Cyprus resumed in December 1999 to prepare the ground for meaningful negotiations leading to a comprehensive settlement.

      Cyprus Geography

      Location: Middle East, island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of

       Turkey

      Geographic coordinates: 35 00 N, 33 00 E

      Map references: Middle East

      Area: total: 9,250 sq km (of which 3,355 sq km are in the Turkish

       Cypriot area)

      land: 9,240 sq km

      water: 10 sq km

      Area - comparative: about 0.6 times the size of Connecticut

      Land boundaries: 0 km

      Coastline: 648 km

      Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

      territorial sea: 12 NM

      Climate: temperate, Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool, winters

      Terrain: central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m

      highest point: Olympus 1,951 m

      Natural resources: copper, pyrites, asbestos, gypsum, timber, salt, marble, clay earth pigment

      Land use: arable land: 12%

      permanent crops: 5%

      permanent pastures: 0%

      forests and woodland: 13%

      other: 70% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 390 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: moderate earthquake activity; droughts

      Environment - current issues: water resource problems (no natural reservoir catchments, seasonal disparity in rainfall, sea water intrusion to island's largest aquifer, increased salination in the north); water pollution from sewage and industrial wastes; coastal degradation; loss of wildlife habitats from urbanization

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Air Pollution,

       Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol,

       Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification,

       Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban,

       Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

      signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants

      Cyprus People

      Population: 762,887 (July 2001 est.)

      Age structure: 0–14 years: 22.95% (male 89,532; female 85,518)

      15–64 years: 66.26% (male 255,368; female 250,140)

      65 years and over: 10.79% (male 35,864; female 46,465) (2001 est.)

      Population growth rate: 0.59% (2001 est.)

      Birth rate: 13.08 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

      Death rate: 7.65 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

      Net migration rate: 0.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

      under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female

      15–64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

      65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female

      total population: 1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

      Infant