The 2001 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Geography

      Location: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North

       Atlantic Ocean, south of Florida

      Geographic coordinates: 21 30 N, 80 00 W

      Map references: Central America and the Caribbean

      Area: total: 110,860 sq km

      land: 110,860 sq km

      water: 0 sq km

      Area - comparative: slightly smaller than Pennsylvania

      Land boundaries: total: 29 km

      border countries: US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 29 km

      note: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and thus remains part of Cuba

      Coastline: 3,735 km

      Maritime claims: exclusive economic zone: 200 NM

      territorial sea: 12 NM

      Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to

       April); rainy season (May to October)

      Terrain: mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m

      highest point: Pico Turquino 2,005 m

      Natural resources: cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese, salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land

      Land use: arable land: 24%

      permanent crops: 7%

      permanent pastures: 27%

      forests and woodland: 24%

      other: 18% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 9,100 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: the east coast is subject to hurricanes from August to October (in general, the country averages about one hurricane every other year); droughts are common

      Environment - current issues: pollution of Havana Bay; overhunting threatens wildlife populations; deforestation

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Antarctic Treaty,

       Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species,

       Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine

       Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution

      signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation

      Geography - note: largest country in Caribbean

      Cuba People

      Population: 11,184,023 (July 2001 est.)

      Age structure: 0–14 years: 20.99% (male 1,205,159; female 1,142,070)

      15–64 years: 69.14% (male 3,876,432; female 3,855,878)

      65 years and over: 9.87% (male 511,589; female 592,895) (2001 est.)

      Population growth rate: 0.37% (2001 est.)

      Birth rate: 12.36 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)

      Death rate: 7.33 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)

      Net migration rate: −1.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female

      under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female

      15–64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female

      65 years and over: 0.86 male(s)/female

      total population: 1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 7.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 76.41 years

      male: 74.02 years

      female: 78.94 years (2001 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 1.6 children born/woman (2001 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.03% (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 1,950 (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths: 120 (1999 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Cuban(s)

      adjective: Cuban

      Ethnic groups: mulatto 51%, white 37%, black 11%, Chinese 1%

      Religions: nominally 85% Roman Catholic prior to CASTRO assuming power; Protestants, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, and Santeria are also represented

      Languages: Spanish

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write

      total population: 95.7%

      male: 96.2%

      female: 95.3% (1995 est.)

      People - note: illicit migration is a continuing problem; Cubans attempt to depart the island and enter the US using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, direct flights, or falsified visas; some 3,000 Cubans took to the Straits of Florida in 2000; the US Coast Guard interdicted about 35% of these migrants; Cubans also use non-maritime routes to enter the US; some 2,400 Cubans arrived overland via the southwest border and direct flights to Miami

      Cuba Government

      Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Cuba

      conventional short form: Cuba

      local long form: Republica de Cuba

      local short form: Cuba

      Government type: Communist state

      Capital: Havana

      Administrative divisions: 14 provinces (provincias, singular -

       provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial);

       Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Ciudad de La Habana, Granma,

       Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas,

       Matanzas, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa

       Clara

      Independence: 20 May 1902 (from US)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 10 October (1868); note - 10 October 1868 is the date of independence from Spain, 20 May 1902 is the date of independence from US administration

      Constitution: 24 February 1976, amended July 1992

      Legal system: based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

      Suffrage: 16 years of age; universal

      Executive branch: chief of state: President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (prime minister from February 1959 until 24 February 1976 when office was abolished; president since 2 December 1976); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

      head of government: President of the Council of State and President of the Council of Ministers Fidel CASTRO Ruz (prime minister from February 1959 until 24 February 1976 when office was abolished; president since 2 December 1976); First Vice President of the Council of State and First Vice President of the Council of Ministers Gen. Raul CASTRO Ruz (since 2 December 1976); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

      cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the president of the Council of State, appointed by the National Assembly; note - there is also a Council of State whose members are elected by