The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

total: 447 km (none electrified)

       standard gauge: 447 km 1.435-m gauge (1995)

      Highways: total: 18,000 km paved: 5,400 km unpaved: 12,600 km (1996 est.)

      Waterways: 43 km plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake

       Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1990)

      Pipelines: crude oil 145 km; petroleum products 55 km; natural

       gas 64 km (1991)

      Ports and harbors: Durres, Sarande, Shengjin, Vlore

      Merchant marine:

       total: 8 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 28,394 GRT/41,429

       DWT (1998 est.)

      Airports: 9 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with paved runways: total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with unpaved runways: total: 6 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (1998 est.)

      Heliports: 1 (1998 est.)

      Military

      Military branches: Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces,

       Interior Ministry Troops, Border Guards

      Military manpower—military age: 19 years of age

      Military manpower—availability:

       males age 15–49: 763,949 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 622,013 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—reaching military age annually:

       males: 32,954 (1999 est.)

      Military expenditures—dollar figure: $60 million (1998)

      Military expenditures—percent of GDP: 2% (1998)

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes—international: the Albanian Government supports protection of the rights of ethnic Albanians outside of its borders but has downplayed them to further its primary foreign policy goal of regional cooperation; Albanian majority in Kosovo seeks independence from Serbian Republic; Albanians in The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia claim discrimination in education, access to public-sector jobs, and representation in government

      Illicit drugs: increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and—to a far lesser extent—cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; limited opium and cannabis production; ethnic Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and rapidly expanding in Europe

      ======================================================================

      @Algeria———

      Geography

      Location: Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia

      Geographic coordinates: 28 00 N, 3 00 E

      Map references: Africa

      Area:

       total: 2,381,740 sq km

       land: 2,381,740 sq km

       water: 0 sq km

      Area—comparative: slightly less than 3.5 times the size of Texas

      Land boundaries:

       total: 6,343 km

       border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km, Mauritania 463 km,

       Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965 km, Western Sahara 42 km

      Coastline: 998 km

      Maritime claims: exclusive fishing zone: 32–52 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate: arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer

      Terrain: mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Chott Melrhir −40 m highest point: Tahat 3,003 m

      Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates,

       uranium, lead, zinc

      Land use:

       arable land: 3%

       permanent crops: 0%

       permanent pastures: 13%

       forests and woodland: 2%

       other: 82% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 5,550 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: mountainous areas subject to severe earthquakes; mud slides

      Environment—current issues: soil erosion from overgrazing and other poor farming practices; desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion, and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water

      Environment—international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban

      Geography—note: second-largest country in Africa (after Sudan)

      People

      Population: 31,133,486 (July 1999 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 37% (male 5,911,910; female 5,696,538)

       15–64 years: 59% (male 9,255,702; female 9,063,954)

       65 years and over: 4% (male 559,570; female 645,812) (1999 est.)

      Population growth rate: 2.1% (1999 est.)

      Birth rate: 27 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Death rate: 5.52 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Net migration rate: −0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female

       total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 43.82 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69.24 years male: 68.07 years female: 70.46 years (1999 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 3.27 children born/woman (1999 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Algerian(s) adjective: Algerian

      Ethnic groups: Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1%

      Religions: Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and

       Jewish 1%

      Languages: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects

      Literacy:

       definition: age 15 and over can read and write

       total population: 61.6%

       male: 73.9%

       female: 49% (1995 est.)

      Government

      Country name:

       conventional long form: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria

       conventional short form: Algeria

       local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash

       Shabiyah