The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

for military service:

       males age 15–49: 3,392,336 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—reaching military age annually:

       males: 248,320 (1999 est.)

      Military expenditures—dollar figure: $NA

      Military expenditures—percent of GDP: NA%

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes—international: support to Islamic militants worldwide by some factions; question over which group should hold Afghanistan's seat at the UN

      Illicit drugs: world's second-largest illicit opium producer after Burma (cultivation in 1998—41,720 hectares, a 7% increase over 1997; potential production in 1998—1,350 metric tons) and a major source of hashish; increasing number of heroin-processing laboratories being set up in the country; major political factions in the country profit from drug trade

      ======================================================================

      @Albania———

      Geography

      Location: Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and

       Ionian Sea, between Greece and Serbia and Montenegro

      Geographic coordinates: 41 00 N, 20 00 E

      Map references: Europe

      Area:

       total: 28,750 sq km

       land: 27,400 sq km

       water: 1,350 sq km

      Area—comparative: slightly smaller than Maryland

      Land boundaries:

       total: 720 km

       border countries: Greece 282 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of

       Macedonia 151 km, Serbia and Montenegro 287 km (114 km with Serbia,

       173 km with Montenegro)

      Coastline: 362 km

      Maritime claims:

       continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

       territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate: mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear,

       dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter

      Terrain: mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Maja e Korabit (Golem Korab) 2,753 m

      Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium,

       copper, timber, nickel

      Land use:

       arable land: 21%

       permanent crops: 5%

       permanent pastures: 15%

       forests and woodland: 38%

       other: 21% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 3,410 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: destructive earthquakes; tsunamis occur along

       southwestern coast

      Environment—current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; water

       pollution from industrial and domestic effluents

      Environment—international agreements:

       party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Wetlands

       signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

      Geography—note: strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links

       Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea)

      People

      Population: 3,364,571 (July 1999 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 33% (male 568,642; female 530,088)

       15–64 years: 61% (male 957,561; female 1,105,870)

       65 years and over: 6% (male 84,280; female 118,130) (1999 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.05% (1999 est.)

      Birth rate: 20.74 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Death rate: 7.35 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Net migration rate: −2.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.87 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female

       total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 42.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 69 years male: 65.92 years female: 72.33 years (1999 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 2.5 children born/woman (1999 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Albanian(s) adjective: Albanian

      Ethnic groups: Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2% (Vlachs,

       Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians) (1989 est.)

       note: in 1989, other estimates of the Greek population ranged from

       1% (official Albanian statistics) to 12% (from a Greek organization)

      Religions: Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10%

       note: all mosques and churches were closed in 1967 and religious

       observances prohibited; in November 1990, Albania began allowing

       private religious practice

      Languages: Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek

      Literacy:

       definition: age 9 and over can read and write

       total population: 93%

       male: NA%

       female: NA% (1997 est.)

      Government

      Country name:

       conventional long form: Republic of Albania

       conventional short form: Albania

       local long form: Republika e Shqiperise

       local short form: Shqiperia

       former: People's Socialist Republic of Albania

      Data code: AL

      Government type: emerging democracy

      Capital: Tirana

      Administrative divisions: 36 districts (rrethe, singular—rreth)

       and 1 municipality* (bashki); Berat, Bulqize, Delvine, Devoll

       (Bilisht), Diber (Peshkopi), Durres, Elbasan, Fier, Gjirokaster,

       Gramsh, Has (Krume), Kavaje, Kolonje (Erseke), Korce, Kruje, Kucove,

       Kukes, Lac, Lezhe, Librazhd, Lushnje, Malesi e Madhe (Koplik),

       Mallakaster (Ballsh), Mat (Burrel), Mirdite (Rreshen), Peqin,

       Permet, Pogradec, Puke, Sarande, Shkoder, Skrapar (Corovode),

       Tepelene, Tirane (Tirana), Tirane* (Tirana), Tropoje (Bajram Curri),

       Vlore

       note: administrative divisions have the same names as their

       administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center

       name following in parentheses)

      Independence: 28 November 1912 (from Ottoman Empire)

      National holiday: Independence Day, 28 November