The 2003 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

542.4 billion cu m (37257)

      Agriculture - products: rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats, poultry; fish

      Exports: $44.5 billion f.o.b. (2001)

      Exports - commodities:

       textile goods, gems and jewelry, engineering goods, chemicals,

       leather manufactures

      Exports - partners:

       US 22.5%, UK 5.1%, UAE 5.1%, Hong Kong 4.5%, Germany 4.3%, China

       4.1% (2002)

      Imports:

       $53.8 billion f.o.b. (2001)

      Imports - commodities:

       crude oil, machinery, gems, fertilizer, chemicals

      Imports - partners:

       US 7.1%, Belgium 6.7%, China 4.6%, Singapore 4.6%, UK 4.6% (2002)

      Debt - external:

       $100.6 billion (2001 est.)

      Economic aid - recipient:

       $2.9 billion (FY 98/99)

      Currency:

       Indian rupee (INR)

      Currency code:

       INR

      Exchange rates:

       Indian rupees per US dollar - 48.61 (2002), 47.19 (2001), 44.94

       (2000), 43.06 (1999), 41.26 (1998)

      Fiscal year:

       1 April - 31 March

      Communications India

      Telephones - main lines in use:

       27.7 million (October 2000)

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

       2.93 million (November 2000)

      Telephone system:

       general assessment: mediocre service; local and long distance

       service provided throughout all regions of the country, with

       services primarily concentrated in the urban areas; major objective

       is to continue to expand and modernize long-distance network to keep

       pace with rapidly growing number of local subscriber lines; steady

       improvement is taking place with the recent admission of private and

       private-public investors, but, with telephone density at about two

       for each 100 persons and a waiting list of over 2 million, demand

       for main line telephone service will not be satisfied for a very

       long time

       domestic: local service is provided by microwave radio relay and

       coaxial cable, with open wire and obsolete electromechanical and

       manual switchboard systems still in use in rural areas; starting in

       the 1980s, a substantial amount of digital switch gear has been

       introduced for local and long-distance service; long-distance

       traffic is carried mostly by coaxial cable and low-capacity

       microwave radio relay; since 1985 significant trunk capacity has

       been added in the form of fiber-optic cable and a domestic satellite

       system with 254 earth stations; mobile cellular service is provided

       in four metropolitan cities

       international: satellite earth stations - 8 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)

       and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region); nine gateway exchanges

       operating from Mumbai (Bombay), New Delhi, Kolkata (Calcutta),

       Chennai (Madras), Jalandhar, Kanpur, Gaidhinagar, Hyderabad, and

       Ernakulam; 4 submarine cables - LOCOM linking Chennai (Madras) to

       Penang; Indo-UAE-Gulf cable linking Mumbai (Bombay) to Al Fujayrah,

       UAE; India-SEA-ME-WE-3, SEA-ME-WE-2 with landing sites at Cochin and

       Mumbai (Bombay); Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) with

       landing site at Mumbai (Bombay) (2000)

      Radio broadcast stations:

       AM 153, FM 91, shortwave 68 (1998)

      Radios:

       116 million (1997)

      Television broadcast stations: 562 (of which 82 stations have 1 kW or greater power and 480 stations have less than 1 kW of power) (1997)

      Televisions:

       63 million (1997)

      Internet country code:

       .in

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

       43 (2000)

      Internet users:

       7 million (2002)

      Transportation India

      Railways:

       total: 63,518 km (15,009 km electrified)

       broad gauge: 45,142 km 1.676-m gauge

       narrow gauge: 15,013 km 1.000-m gauge; 3,363 km 0.762-m gauge and

       0.610-m gauge (2002)

      Highways: total: 3,319,644 km paved: 1,517,077 km unpaved: 1,802,567 km (1999 est.)

      Waterways:

       16,180 km

       note: 3,631 km navigable by large vessels

      Pipelines:

       gas 5,798 km; liquid petroleum gas 1,195 km; oil 5,613 km; refined

       products 5,567 km (2003)

      Ports and harbors:

       Chennai (Madras), Cochin, Jawaharal Nehru, Kandla, Kolkata

       (Calcutta), Mumbai (Bombay), Vishakhapatnam

      Merchant marine:

       total: 305 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 5,753,279 GRT/9,621,911 DWT

       ships by type: bulk 100, cargo 82, chemical tanker 15, combination

       bulk 2, combination ore/oil 2, container 10, liquefied gas 10,

       passenger/cargo 5, petroleum tanker 75, roll on/roll off 1,

       short-sea passenger 2, specialized tanker 1

       note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of

       convenience: China 1, UAE 10, UK 1 (2002 est.)

      Airports:

       334 (2002)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 232 over 3,047 m: 14 2,438 to 3,047 m: 47 914 to 1,523 m: 73 under 914 m: 20 (2002) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 78

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 102 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 under 914 m: 48 (2002) 914 to 1,523 m: 42

      Heliports: 19 (2002)

      Military India

      Military branches:

       Army, Navy (including naval air arm), Air Force, Strategic Nuclear

       Command (SNC), Coast Guard, various security or paramilitary forces

       (including Border Security Force, Assam Rifles, Rashtriya Rifles,

       National Security Guards, Indo-Tibetan Border Police, Special

       Frontier Force, Ladakh Scouts, Central Reserve Police Force, Central

       Industrial Security Force, Railway Protection Force, Defense

       Security Corps, and Indian Reserve Battalions)

      Military