Applications and Metrology at Nanometer Scale 1. Abdelkhalak El Hami

      

Table of Contents

      1  Cover

      2  Title page

      3  Copyright

      4  Preface

      5  Introduction

      6  1 Nanometer Scale 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Sample elaboration 1.3. Characterization of samples 1.4. Conclusion 1.5. Appendix: light ray propagation

      7  2 Statistical Tools to Reduce the Effect of Design Uncertainties 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Review of fundamental definitions in probability theory 2.3. Random process and random field 2.4. Mathematical formulation of the model 2.5. Reliability-based approach 2.6. Design of experiments method 2.7. Set-based approach 2.8. Analysis in terms of main components 2.9. Applications 2.10. Conclusion

      8  3 Electromagnetic Waves and Their Applications 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Characteristics of the energy carried by an electromagnetic wave 3.3. The energy of a plane monochromatic electromagnetic wave 3.4. Rectangular waveguide as a high-pass frequency filter 3.5. Characteristics of microwave antennas 3.6. Characteristics of networks of microwave antennas

      9  4 Smart Materials 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Smart systems and materials 4.3. Thermodynamics of couplings in active materials 4.4. Exercises on the application of active materials 4.5. Appendix: crystal symmetry

      10  Appendix: Propagation of a Light Ray

      11  References

      12  Index

      13  End User License Agreement

      List of Illustrations

      1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1. Various spatial and temporal scales in materials sciences. For a col...Figure 1.2. The stages of spin coating technique: a) deposition of volume, b) sp...Figure 1.3. Cathode sputtering. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste...Figure 1.4. Schematic representation of laser ablation deposition setup. For a c...Figure 1.5. Ellipsometry-based in situ control of thin-film growth. For a color ...Figure 1.6. Variation with temperature of a) cos (∆) and b) tan (Ψ)Figure 1.7. Ellipsometric parameters of a film of TiO2 on SiO2 by laser ablation...Figure 1.8. E.H. Synge experimental setup. For a color version of this figure, s...Figure 1.9. Diagram of a SNOM by transmission in constant force mode. For a colo...Figure 1.10. Diagram of transmission SNOM in shear mode. For a color version of ...Figure 1.11. Electron microscope: TEM and MEB modes. For a color version of this...Figure 1.12. Diffraction images obtained by TEM for SmFeO3 samples deposited at:...Figure 1.13. TEM diffraction images for SmFeO3 films deposited at: a) 785°C and ...Figure 1.14. SmFeO film deposited at TD = 915°C: a) protuberances between 150 an...Figure 1.15. AFM operating principleFigure 1.16. Atomic force microscopeFigure 1.17. Topology of the deposition surfaces of SmFeO3 on quartz (P = 50 mTo...Figure 1.18. Topology of deposition surfaces of SmFeO3 on quartz (T = 920°C) for...Figure 1.19. Principle of FTIR spectroscopy, and the cell of measurement in ATR....Figure 1.20. Absorption spectra of silicone gels B (1–4) and M (1–3). For a colo...Figure 1.21. Combined thermal cycling (T: -45 at 95°C) and humidity cycling (HR:...Figure 1.22. Thermal cycling (T: -45 at 95°C) in HALT. For a color version of th...Figure 1.23. Thermal cycling in a furnaceFigure 1.24. ATR spectra of M of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk/dahoo/metrology...Figure 1.25. ATR spectra of B-type polymers. For a color version of this figure,...Figure 1.26. ATR difference spectra for M-type polymers. For a color version of ...Figure 1.27. ATR difference spectra for B-type polymers. For a color version of ...Figure 1.28. Kirchhoff integral on a surface Σ passing through a point M enclosi...Figure 1.29. Schematic of the diffraction by an aperture scanned by M in a plane...Figure 1.30. Diffraction amplitude distribution by a circular aperture. For a co...

      2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1. Distribution of the normal law. For a color version of this figure, ...Figure 2.2. Beam fixed at both endsFigure 2.3. Mean shift of the center of the beamFigure 2.4. Standard deviation of the center of the beamFigure 2.5. Histogram of the constraint on the brazing joint. For a color versio...Figure 2.6. Density of the constraint on the brazing joint. For a color version ...Figure 2.7. Density of the initial constraint (red) and the optimized constraint...Figure 2.8. Mass–spring–shock absorber systemFigure 2.9. Mean value of the shift xu(t) for the interval method (blue) and the...Figure 2.10. Two-dimensional frameFigure 2.11. Mean value of the shift as a function of timeFigure 2.12. Standard deviation of the shift as a function of timeFigure 2.13. Mesh structureFigure 2.14. Mean value of the module of the transfer functionFigure 2.15. Linear oscillator under studyFigure 2.16. Standard deviation of the module of the shift response

      3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1. Light–matter interaction. For a color version of this figure, see ww...Figure 3.2. Rectangular waveguideFigure 3.3. Antenna at the center of a spherical reference system: definition of...Figure 3.4. Wire antenna. For a color version of this figure, see www.iste.co.uk...Figure 3.5. Electric field strength radiated by the wire antenna in the plane de...Figure 3.6. Power