Practical Korean. Samuel E. Martin

yeonpil kkeonaeseyo.COLLOQUIAL THAN책하고 연필 꺼내세요.wa/gwa)Take out a book and a pencil.Chingu-hago gayo.친구하고 가요.I’m going (together) with a friend.manjust, onlyYeonpil-man isseoyo.연필만 있어요.I’ve only got a pencil.Chingu-man mannayo.친구만 만나요.I’m only seeing my friend.gachilikeAgi-gachi malhaeyo.아기 같이 말해요.He speaks like a baby.Nabi-kachi chumchwoyo.나비같이 춤춰요She dances like a butterfly.bak-keoutside of, exceptJip-bak-e eopseoyo.(orfor, aside from,집 밖에 없어요.bakke)or (anything) butI haven’t but my house. = I haveonly my house.(Jip-man iseoyo. 집만 있어요.)Gim moksa-bakke amudoan wasseoyo.김목사 밖에 아무도 안 왔어요.(They) didn’t come but Rev. Kim =Only Rev. Kim came.(Kim moksa-man wasseoyo.김목사 만 왔어요.)

      LESSON 14

      Some Tricky Particles

      The 2-shape particle euro/ro has the shape ro after vowels, and euro after all consonants except l; after l the shape is lo: gi ch’aro, bareun pyeoneureo, oen pyeoneureo.

      The meanings of the particle are as follows:

(1) Manner as	Hoewoneu-ro gaiphaeseoyo. 회원으로 가입했어요.
	I signed in as a member.
(2) Function as	Hanguk-e haksaeng-euro wasseoyo. 한국에 학생으로 왔어요.
	I come to Korea as a student.
(3) State is; and	Jeo sonyeoneun Gim seonsaengui ttal-lo Busaneseo salgo iseoyo.
	저 소녀는 김 선생의 딸로 부산에서 살고 있어요.
	That girl is Mr. Kim’s daughter and is living in Pusan.
(4) Direction toward; to	Oenjjok-euro gaseyo. 왼쪽으로 가세요
	Go to the left.
(5) Means with, by	Na-neun yeonpil-lo pyeonji-reul sseoyo. 나는 연필로 편지를 써요.
	I’m writing this letter with a pencil.
	Bihaenggi-ro wasseoyo?
	비행기로 왔어요?
	Did you come by plane?

      The 2-shape particle eun/neun has the shape eun after consonants, neun after vowels. For example: jip-eun, hakgyo-neun. The tricky thing about this particle is its meaning and use. As a tag translation you can try as for: as a tag meaning you can think of it as the TOPIC indicator.