Book 1 of Plato's Republic. Drew A. Mannetter

τϵ, οἵα τϵ, οἷον τϵ: fit or able to. οὐ: not.οὕτως: in this way or manner, so, thus.παραγίγνομαι: to be beside, by, or near.ποιητής, -οῦ, ὁ: the composer of a poem, author, poet.ποτέ: once.πρός (+ acc.): in reference to, in respect of.πῶς: how?Σοφοκλέης, -έους, ὁ: Sophocles.συγγίγνομαι: to have sexual intercourse with.τις, τι: someone, something.ὑπό (+ gen.): by.φημί: to say.ὦ: O.

      νῦν δ´: The combination of particles marks a strong contrast (S. 2835). νῦν: Adverb (S. 341, 1094, 2924). δ´: Postpositive conjunction connecting this sentence with the previous one; here the particle δέ has an adversative sense and serves to mark that something is different from what precedes, but only to offset it, not to exclude or contradict it (S. 2834-35). “As a connective, δέ denotes either pure connection ‘and’, or contrast, ‘but’, with all that lies between” (D. δέ, pg.162). An elision of δὲ before a short vowel (S. 70).

      ἔγωγϵ: Singular, nominative form of the personal pronoun ἔγωγϵ (S. 325.b). Nominative subject of ἐντϵτύχηκα and παρϵγϵνόμην (S. 927). The nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190). The suffix -γϵ attached to the pronoun ἐγώ makes it emphatic (S. 325.b). The compound of ἐγώ γϵ becomes a proparoxytone (S. 186.a).

      ἤδη: Adverb (S. 341, 1094).

      ἐντϵτύχηκα: First person, singular, perfect, active, indicative of ἐντυγχάνω (S. 383). Main verb of the (first) simple coordinate clause: νῦν … ἄλλοις (S. 2162).

      οὐχ: The simple negative particle οὐ is the negative of fact and statement (S. 2688). The -χ is added to οὐ before a rough breathing (S. 137). The negative goes with ἔχουσι rather than ἐντϵτύχηκα.

      οὕτως: Demonstrative adverb of manner with ἔχουσι (S. 346, 1094). Adverbs, rather than adjectives, modify participles (S. 2040). A final sigma is added to οὕτω before a vowel (S. 136).

      ἔχουσι … ἄλλοις: Dative object of ἐντϵτύχηκα, a verb of meeting (S. 1463). ἔχουσι: Plural, masculine, dative, present, active circumstantial participle of ἔχω modifying ἄλλοις (S. 2054). The present tense of the participle denotes continual action and is generally coincident to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.a). ἄλλοις: Plural, masculine, dative adjective of ἄλλος used substantively without the article (S. 1126, 1271).

      καὶ: Adverbial use of the particle meaning “even” (S. 2881).

      καὶ δὴ καὶ: The conjunction connects the two coordinate clauses and lays stress on the following word (S. 2868). The first καί is conjunctional, the particle δή is intensive with the following καί, and the second καί is adverbial (S. 2843, 2890) (D. καὶ δὴ καί, pg. 255).

      Σοφοκλϵῖ ποτὲ τῷ ποιητῇ … ἐρωτωμένῳ: Dative object of the compound verb παρϵγϵνόμην (S. 1544-45). Σοφοκλϵῖ: Names of persons are individual and therefore omit the article unless previously mentioned or specially marked as well known (S. 1136). ποτὲ: Indefinite enclitic particle (S. 346, 1094). The enclitic normally loses its accent; however, enclitics can retain their accents when drawing a contrast (here, with νῦν) (S. 187.a). τῷ ποιητῇ: A noun in apposition to the proper noun Σοφοκλϵῖ (S. 987). ἐρωτωμένῳ: Singular, masculine, dative, present, passive circumstantial participle of ἐρωτάω modifying Σοφοκλϵῖ (S. 2054). The present tense of the participle denotes continual action and is generally coincident to that of the leading verb (S. 1872.a).

      παρϵγϵνόμην: First person, singular, aorist, deponent, indicative of παραγίγνομαι (S. 384). Main verb of the (second) complex coordinate clause: Σοφοκλϵῖ … συγγίγνϵσθαι (S. 2162).

      ὑπό τινος: Prepositional phrase; ὑπό with the genitive here expresses agent and means “by” (S. 1491, 1698.b). ὑπό: The oxytone, followed by an enclitic, retains its accent and does not change from the acute to grave (S. 154.a). τινος: Singular, masculine, genitive indefinite pronoun used substantively (S. 1266). The enclitic loses its accent after the oxytone ὑπό (S. 183.a).

      Πῶς: Interrogative adverb of manner introducing a direct question (S. 346, 1094).

      ἔφη: Third person, singular, imperfect, indicative of φημί (S. 783). The verb introduces the oratio recta (S. 2590). The subject ἐκϵῖνος (the antecedent is τινος) is not expressed but implied in the verb (S. 931). An anacoluthon; although not obscure, the thought contained in ἐρωτωμένῳ could have introduced the direct speech without the addition of the verb ἔφη (S. 3005, 3007).

      ὦ Σοφόκλϵις: Vocative; the vocative forms an incomplete sentence (S. 1283). ὦ: The exclamation is used with the vocative (S. 1284). Σοφόκλϵις: The noun Σοφοκλέης uses the pure stem in the vocative (S. 248). The vocative is normally found in the interior of a sentence (S. 1285).

      ἔχϵις: Second person, singular, present, active, indicative of ἔχω (S. 383). Main verb of the simple sentence (S. 903). The subject σύ is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190).

      πρὸς τἀφροδίσια: Prepositional phrase; πρός with the accusative here means “in reference to, in respect of” (S. 1695.3.c). τἀφροδίσια: Crasis of τὰ᾿ Αφροδίσια (S. 62). A euphemism (S. 3024). τ-: The article is very often omitted in phrases containing a preposition but not here (S. 1128).

      ἔτι: Adverb (S. 341, 1094).

      οἷός … συγγίγνϵσθαι: Relative clause; many relative clauses are equivalent to coordinate clauses where the relative has the force of a demonstrative or personal pronoun with a connective (S. 2490).

      οἷός τϵ: Singular, masculine, nominative relative pronoun used as a predicate adjective modifying σύ, the supplied subject of ϵἶ, after ϵἶ (S. 338, 910, 2501). The acute accent on the ultima syllable is thrown back from the following enclitic τϵ (S. 183.c). τϵ: The enclitic τϵ is probably connective (not indefinite), and belongs to the whole clause. It has the effect of showing that its clause corresponds in some way to the preceding clause (S. 338, 2970). The enclitic throws its accent back onto the properispomenon οἷός (S. 183.c).

      ϵἶ: Second person, singular, present, indicative of ϵἰμί (S. 768). Main verb of the relative clause (S. 2173). The subject σύ is not expressed but implied in the verb; the nominative of the personal pronoun is usually omitted except when emphatic (S. 929, 1190).

      γυναικὶ: Dative object of the compound infinitive συγγίγνϵσθαι (S. 1545, 1967.b). The noun lacks an article (S. 1126).

      συγγίγνϵσθαι: Present, deponent infinitive of συγγίγνομαι (S. 383). An object (complementary) infinitive after οἷός τϵ (S.2000). The present tense of the infinitive denotes continual action (S. 1865).

      καὶ ὅς, Εὐφἡμϵι, ἔφη, ὦ ἄνθρωπϵ· (329.c)

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