The History of Antiquity, Vol. 3 (of 6). Duncker Max

xxix. 13.

115

Isa. i. 16, 17.

116

Isa. v. 4, 5, 3, 14.

117

Isa. xxix. 14.

118

Isa. xxxiii. 14-16; i. 18, 19.

119

Isa. ix. 17-20.

120

Isa. vii. 4, 6, 16.

121

Isa. vii. 20.

122

Isa. viii. 4-8.

123

2 Kings xv. 29, 30; xvi. 5-10.

124

Frag. 10, in G. Smith, "Disc." p. 282; E. Schrader, "K. A. T." s. 151.

125

Frag. 12, in G. Smith, p. 224, 225; Rodwell, "Records of the Past," 5, 52; E. Schrader, "K. A. T." s. 145.

126

Ll. 57-62, in G. Smith, "Disc." p. 262, 263; E. Schrader, loc. cit. s. 147.

127

Vol. i. 179.

128

Lepsius, "Abh. Berl. Akad." 1856, s. 258; Brugsch, "Hist. of Egypt," II. p. 193.

129

It ends in Brugsch, loc. cit. II. 198, with Ramses XVI.

130

II. 229, note.

131

II. 155.

132

Maspero reads Psiuncha; Brugsch, Pisebkhan.

133

In the unpublished inscription of Abydus in Brugsch, "Hist. of Egypt," II. p. 199.

134

Brugsch, loc. cit. II. p. 204.

135

According to Brugsch, Rakamat, or Karamat, was not the wife of Osorkon, but of Ssheshonk, loc. cit., p. 204.

136

To make Pithut, Ssheshonk, Nemrut, and Ssheshonk II., as well as Panrechnes or Pallash-Nisu, kings of Assyria, and place a conquest of Egypt by Assyria at the end of the twenty-first dynasty (Brugsch, "Hist. of Egypt," II. p. 198), because Nemrut or Nemaroth is called on the stone of Abydus "Ser a mat," and "prince of princes," appears to me absolutely impossible. How could one of the kings of Asshur, who, in the service of Asshur, Samas, and Bin, overthrew the nations, allow himself to be buried near Osiris of Abydus? – how could his son perform Egyptian funeral rites for him there? The Books of the Hebrews must have preserved some knowledge of a conquest of Egypt in the time of David and Solomon, in the first half of the tenth century – how could the armies of Assyria have come to Egypt except through Syria? Tiglath Pilesar I., about 1100 B.C., touched northern Syria merely in passing; not till the ninth century did Assurnasirpal again come as far as Mount Amanus and the coast of the Phenicians, and Shalmanesar as far as Damascus. A hundred years later Tiglath Pilesar II. first planted a firm foot in Syria. The Semitic (?) character of the names of the princes of the twenty-second dynasty, who are also distinguished as eager worshippers of the gods of Egypt, as well as the Semitic nationality of the six or eight servants, who, according to the stone of Abydus, were allotted to the plots of ground for the funeral service of Nemaroth at Abydus, are sufficiently explained by what we know of the mingling of the population in the Western Delta, and of other Semitic influence in Egypt.

137

It ought perhaps to be observed that Shishak (1 Kings xi. 40), is not called Pharaoh, but Melek Mizraim.

138

Brugsch, "Hist. d'Egypte," p. 227.

139

Brugsch, "Hist. d'Egypte," p. 222.

140

Others read Shuput.

141

Brugsch, "Hist. of Egypt," II. 212.

142

According to Manetho's list, Sesonchis reigned 21 years.

143

Brugsch, loc. cit. II. p. 198.

144

Sera en mashush.

145

Chabas, "Mélanges," Ser. 2, pp. 73-107.

146

Lepsius, "Abh. Berl. Akad. Phil. Hist. Klasse," 1856, s. 264. Mariette, "Bull. Archéolog. Athen. Franc." 1855, pp. 93, 98-100.

147

Cp. Von Gutschmid, "Beiträge zur Geschichte des alten Orients," s. 104, seqq.

148

Diod. 1, 45.

149

Plut. "de Isid." c. 8; cf. Athenæus, p. 418.

150

Joseph. "c. Apionem," 2, 2, 6.

151

Mariette, "Revue Archéolog." 1865, 12, 178.

152

Pianchi is also called the son of the high priest Herhor (p. 51). But this coincidence does not compel us to explain the kings of Napata as descendants of that Herhor who lived 400 years before Pianchi of Napata.

153

De Rougé, "Mémoire sur une inscript. de Piankhi;" Brugsch, "Hist. of Egypt," I. 129; II. 243, 247.

154

I have shown above that Petubastis came to the throne about the year 775 B.C., and Bocchoris, the son of Tnephachtus, about 753 B.C.; Tnephachtus, therefore, must be placed in the time between 770-753 B.C. Thus the time of the campaign of Pianchi is fixed. To throw back the campaign nearly 100 years is not possible, owing to the mention of Osorkon, the names of Nemrut, Ssheshonk, Petise, which belong to the house of the Bubastites, and the date of Tnephachtus. If the lists of Assurbanipal mention a Ssheshonk of Busiris, a Tafnecht – not of Sais, but of Buni or Bunubu; a Pefabast, not of Chnensu but of Zoan – the reappearance of these names can be explained by the fact that these dynastic families have also been preserved among the Ethiopians (p. 72).

155

Athenæus, p. 418; Diod. 1, 74.

156

Diod. 1, 94.

157

Diod. 1, 79.

158

Plut. "Demetr." c. 27.

159

Ælian. "Hist. An." 12, 3.

160

Diod. 1, 94.

161

Mariette, "Bab. Athen. Franc." p. 58-62.

162

Ælian. "Hist. An." 11, 11.

163

Ælian. loc. cit. 12, 3.

164

De Rougé, "Mélanges d'Archéol." 1, 37, concludes from the monuments of Tirhaka and the statue of Ameniritis, that Kashta succeeded Pianchi, that Sabakon and the others are children of Kashta (?) According to Brugsch the – ka in Shabaka and Shabataka is the attached article of the Barabra language. Hence it is explained how Saba(ka) can become Seveh among the Hebrews, or Sabhi among the Assyrians. Cf. Oppert. "Mémoire sur les rapports de l'Egypte et de l'Assyrie," p. 12-14.

165

Herod. 2, 137-141.

166

Diod. 1, 45, 65.

167

I have already been able to fix the end of the Ramessids, the date of the Tanites and Bubastites, by the date of the accession of Shishak in the Hebrew reckoning; the length of the dynasty of the Tanites in Manetho; and the length of the Bubastites as corrected by the monuments, and the synchronism of the first Olympiad for Petubastis. For the period from the end of the Bubastites to the accession of Sabakon, the important points are the seventh Olympiad for Bocchoris, and the sarcophagus of the Apis of Bokenranef. If Bocchoris came to the throne in the year 753 B.C., Ssheshonk IV. died in the year 780 B.C.; if this was the thirty-seventh or thirty-eighth of his reign, the successor of the Apis buried in the thirty-seventh year of Ssheshonk might certainly live to the year 748, the sixth year of Bocchoris according to my reckoning. It is decisive for Sabakon's accession in Egypt that Hoshea of Israel undoubtedly ascended the throne in 734 B.C. (p. 16, note; 48). Shalmanesar IV. of Assyria marched against Israel in the year 726 B.C., when he had discovered