The History of Antiquity, Vol. 3 (of 6). Duncker Max

we know that there was a long minority, and the twenty-third year of this reign is mentioned. Of Amaziah's acts, the subjugation of Edom, which he did not complete, comes after the year 803 B.C. Edom's tribute is mentioned under Bin-nirar of Assyria (II. 326). Just as little is the parallelism of Amaziah with Joash of Israel altered by our assumption. As 61 years, i. e. eight years too many, were given for Israel from the accession of Jeroboam (790) up to Jehu's accession, eight years must be taken from the reign of Joash, and for his reign, therefore, eight years are left instead of 16, i. e. the eight years from 798 to 790. Violent as these assumptions seem as compared with the traditional numbers of the Books of Kings, they are merely given as a forced hypothesis, and at any rate leave the traditional facts undisturbed, while the coincidence, which may be obtained by assuming joint regencies, a first and second reign of Jeroboam II., a first and second Menahem, a first and second reign of Pekah, for the lists of Judah and Israel, alters the tradition without bringing the agreement into harmony with the list of eponyms.

42

2 Chron. xxvi. 10.

43

2 Chron. xxvi. 6; Zech. ix. 6. As Amos mentions the capture of Gath (vi. 2), and Judah is still to conquer the remnant of Edom (Amos ix. 12), the war against the Philistines must be regarded as one of Uzziah's deeds in arms.

44

2 Chron. xxvi. 7; Isa. ii. 7.

45

2 Kings xiv. 22. The re-conquest of the Judæan settlement and harbour city, which had been destroyed by the Edomites in their revolt from Judah under Jehoram (II. 252), can have had no other object than to restore the trade connections on the Red Sea. Besides, it is expressly stated (2 Kings xvi. 6): "At the same time (734 B.C.), Rezin again gained Elath for Syria, and drove the Jews out of Elath, and the Syrians came to Elath, and dwelt there to this day."

46

This follows from the fact that Amos speaks of the ruined tabernacle of David, and the breaches in its wall (ix. 11).

47

2 Chron. xxvi. 15.

48

2 Chron. xxvi. 11-14.

49

An older prophet of this name, distinct from the son of Jehoiadah, and perhaps also distinct from the son of Berechiah (Isa. viii. 2), but identical with this Zachariah, if the words of the Chronicles may be explained to mean: "So long as he (Uzziah) listened to Zachariah."

50

2 Kings xv. 3; 2 Chron. xxvi 6-21; 1 Kings ix. 25.

51

Amos i. 2; iv. 9.

52

The date of Amos is fixed not only by the superscription, but by the mention of the house of Jeroboam in his prophecies. Moreover, the desolation caused by the Damascenes in Israel, the campaigns of the Philistines against Judah (II. 252), appear to be in recent remembrance. If the "fallen tabernacle of David, the breaches in its wall," are also mentioned (ix. 11, 12), it is clear that Uzziah, who came to the throne in the year 792 B.C. at an age of 16 years, had not completely restored Judah, that he had not recovered Elath. On the other hand, it is clear that Gath was already taken. Hence Amos cannot have come forward before the tenth or twelfth year of Uzziah, i. e. before 782 or 780, according to our computation (p. 18, note). The canon of the Assyrians agrees with this in putting the campaign of Bin-nirar to the coast in the year 803 B.C.; and afterwards records the last campaign of the Assyrians to Damascus before the time of Tiglath Pilesar II. in the year 773 B.C.; after which time only contests against Hadrach (772-765) and against Arpad are mentioned (p. 2), which Tiglath Pilesar then resumes in the year 743 B.C. In Amos the Assyrians are still in the back-ground.

53

Amos ii. 9-12.

54

Amos viii. 4; v. 12.

55

Amos ii. 6, 7.

56

Amos viii. 6.

57

Amos vi. 12.

58

Amos v. 11.

59

Amos vi. 1-7.

60

Amos v. 11.

61

Amos iv. 4, 5.

62

Amos v. 21-23.

63

Amos v. 14, 15, 24.

64

Amos iii. 10, 11; vi. 2.

65

Amos vi. 14.

66

Amos iii. 14, 15.

67

Amos ii. 14-16.

68

Amos ix. 10.

69

2 Kings xv. 8-15.

70

Zech. x. 2, 3.

71

King Zachariah, and then Shallum: the third is the opponent of Menahem who sought to maintain himself in Tipsach (Taanach?).

72

Zech. xi. 6, 8, 9, 16, 17.

73

Zech. xi. 1-3.

74

Zech. ix. 1-6.

75

Zech. ix. 10, 16.

76

Hosea i. 4, 5.

77

Hosea viii. 4; iv. 16; vii. 7; xiii. 11.

78

Hosea xiii. 4.

79

Hosea v. 1.

80

Hosea xiii. 5.

81

Hosea xi. 1-4.

82

Hosea x. 1.

83

Hosea xiii. 2.

84

Hosea iv. 13.

85

Hosea ii. 5-8.

86

Hosea x. 13.

87

Hosea iv. 2.

88

Hosea viii. 13.

89

Hosea vi. 6.

90

Hosea ii. 9-13; ix. 1.

91

Hosea viii. 14.

92

Hosea xii. 2.

93

Hosea ix. 1-6; v. 13; vii. 11; viii. 9; x. 6; xi. 5; xiii. 15; xiv. 1.

94

Hosea x. 8.

95

Hosea xi. 9.

96

Hosea v. 15.

97

Hosea ii. 14-17.

98

Hosea xiv. 2-4.

99

Hosea xiv. 5-9; ii. 19.

100

Lists of rulers, 742-740, "during three years he conquered Arpad."

101

Frag. 6, in G. Smith, p. 274.

102

Eberhard Schrader, "Jahrb. protest. Theolog." 1876, s. 374.

103

A different Baalzephon from that on the Red Sea; Exod. xiv. 2, 9.

104

Schrader, loc. cit. s. 375; Rodwell, "Records of the Past," 5, 46; G. Smith, "Disc." p. 277.

105

2 Kings xv. 5, 7, 37.

106

Isa. ii. 7. The moral precepts of Isaiah are collected in the text without regard to the chronology.

107

Isa. x. 1, 2.

108

Isa. v. 23.

109

Isa. v. 8.

110

Isa. iii. 14, 15.

111

Isa. v. 11, 12.

112

Isa. v. 18-22.

113

Isa. i. 10-15.

114

Isa.