õppimisseadused jäid hätta, kui ta üritas seletada inimese keeleoskust. Neuroteadlased ja arvutiteadlased mõistsid, et kognitiivne käsitlusviis oli palju võimsam, kui oli vaja mõista, kuidas töötab aju ja kuidas ehitada arvuteid. Metsikus looduses loomi uurivad teadlased nägid liiga palju intelligentsuse ilminguid, et ignoreerida võimalust, et mingil viisil on loomadel teadvus, mis on sarnane meie enda omale ( Bekoff, M. „The Cognitive Animal”). Kuid koerad jäeti sellest võrrandist välja. Teadlaste huvi loomade tunnetuse vastu piirdus enamasti meie primaatidest lähisugulastega. Jane Goodall ja Toshisada Nishida leidsid esimese tõestuse tööriistade kasutamise oskuse, tööriistade valmistamise, jahipidamise ja surmavate territoriaalsete rünnakute kohta metsikutel šimpansides (Goodall, J., The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior [Boston: Harvard University Press, 1986]; Nishida, T. „Chimpanzees of the Lakeshore: Natural History and Culture at Mahale” [Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2011]). Robert Seyfarth ja Dorothy Cheney avastasid, et rohepärdikute häirehüüd viitab tegelikult kindlatele röövloomadele (Cheney, D. L., Seyfarth, R. M. „How Monkeys See the World: Inside the Mind of Another Species” [Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992]). Frans de Waal vaatles petmist ja andestamist, millest šimpanside poliitiline elu enamasti koosneb (De Waal, F., Chimpanzee Politics: Power and Sex Among Apes [Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007]). Tetsuro Matsuzawa ja Sally Boysen testisid šimpanside matemaatilisi võimeid (Boysen, S. T., and G. G. Berntson. „Numerical Competence in a Chimpanzee [Pan troglodytes]” Journal of Comparative Psychology 103, no. 1 [1989]: 23–31; Kawai, N., Matsuzawa, T. „Cognition: Numerical Memory Span in a Chimpanzee”, Nature 403, no. 6765 [2000]: 39–40). Sue Savage-Rumbaugh õppetas bonobo Kanzile sümbolite keelt (Savage-Rumbaugh, „Language Comprehension”), Mike Tomasello, Josep Call, ning Andrew Whiten tegid vaatluseid ja viisid läbi eksperimente, testimaks, kas šimpansid oskavad edasi anda kultuurilisi uuendusi (Whiten, A.,
et al., „Cultures in Chimpanzees”, Nature 399, no. 6737 [1999]: 682–85; Whiten, A., V. Horner, and F. B. M. de Waal, „Conformity to Cultural Norms of Tool Use in Chimpanzees”, Nature 437, no. 7059 [2005]: 737–40; Call, J. E., Tomasello, M. E. „The Gestural Communication of Apes and Monkeys [Psychology Press, 2007]; Tennie, C., Call, J., Tomasello, M. „Ratcheting Up the Ratchet: On the Evolution of Cumulative Culture”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1528 [2009]: 2405–15). Vallandus tohutu huvi selle vastu, kuidas ahvid näevad maailma ja kas inimahvid elavad inimeste varjus. Lõpuks kandus primaatide uurimise entusiasm üle kognitiivseks uurimistööks, mis hõlmas delfiine, papagoisid ja vareslasi, kuid koerad olid ühed viimastest liikidest, kelle näitel uurida loomade tunnetust (Bekoff „The Cognitive Animal” Shettleworth, S. J., „Cognition, Evolution and Behavior” [Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2009]; Míklósi, Á. „Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition” [New York: Oxford University Press, 2007], 274).
28
Hare, B., Call, J., Tomasello, M. „Communication of Food Location Between Human and Dog (Canis familiaris)”, Evolution of Communication 2, no. 1 (1998): 137–59.
29
Miklósi, Á., et al., „Use of Experimenter-Given Cues in Dogs”, Animal Cognition 1, no. 2 (1998): 113–21.
30
Kuulus koerte etoloogia (valdkond, mis tegeleb loomade käitumise füsioloogiliste ja ökoloogiliste põhjuste uurimisega) uurija Eötvös Lorandi Ülikoolis Budapestis.
31
Míklósi, Á „Dog Behaviour, Evolution, and Cognition”
32
von Holdt, B., et al., „Genome-wide SNP and Haplotype Analyses Reveal a Rich History Underlying Dog Domestication”, Nature 464, no. 7290 (2010): 898–902. Wayne, R. K., Ostrander, E. A. „Lessons Learned from the Dog Genome”, Trends in Genetics 23, no. 11 (2007): 557–67. Morey, D. „Dogs: Domestication and the Development of a Social Bond”, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
33
Mech, L. D. „The Wolf: The Ecology and Behavior of an Endangered Species”, ed. American Museum of Natural History. Originally published for the American Museum of Natural History, Natural History Press, 1970. Mech, L. D. „Canis Lupus”, Mammalian Species 37 (1974): 1–6. Clutton-Brock, J. „Man-Made Dogs”, Science 197, no. 4311 (1977): 1340–42. Serpell, J. A., Paul, E. „Pets in the Family: An Evolutionary Perspective”. The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Family Psychology, eds. C. Salmon, T. Shackelford, New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
34
Wallner, A. „The Role of Fox, Lynx and Wolf in Mythology”, KORA Bericht 3 (1998).
35
Boitani, L. „Wolf Conservation and Recovery” eds. Mech L. D, Boitani L. University of Chicago Press, 2003, 317–40.
36
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species – Canis lupus. 2012cited 2012; www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/3746/0.
37
Fritts, S. H., Stephenson, R. O… Hayes, R. D., and. Boitani, L „Wolves and Humans”, 289–316.
38
Walker, B. L. „The Lost Wolves of Japan”, University of Washington Press, 2005.
39
Fritts, S. H., Stephenson R. O., Hayes, R. D., Boitani, L „Wolves and Humans”., 289–316.
40
Idaho Legislative Wolf Oversight Committee. Idaho Wolf Conservation and Management Plan, 2002.
41
Fagan, B. M., ed. „The Complete Ice Age: How Climate Change Shaped the World”, London, Thames & Hudson, 2009.
42
Tedford, R. H., Wang X… Taylor, B. E „Phylogenetic Systematics of the North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)”, American Museum of Natural History 325, (2009): 1–218.
43
Miller, W. E., Carranza-Castañeda, O. „Late Tertiary Canids from Central Mexico”, Journal of Paleontology 72, no. 3 (1998): 546–56.
44
Varaseid primaate ja hundi eellaseid.
46
Fagan, B. M., ed. „The Complete Ice Age: How Climate Change Shaped the World”, London, Thames & Hudson, 2009.
47
Wang, X., Tedford, R. H. „Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History”, New York, Columbia University Press, 2008.
48
Wang, X., Tedford, R. H. „Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History”, New York, Columbia University Press, 2008.
49
Agustí, J., Antón, M. „Mammoths, Sabertooths, and Hominids: 65 Million Years of Mammalian Evolution in Europe”, New York, Columbia University Press, 2002.
50
Wang, X., Tedford, R. H. „Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History”, New York, Columbia University Press, 2008.
51
Azzaroli, A., „Quaternary Mammals and the „End-Villafranchian” Dispersal Event – A Turning Point in the History of Eurasia”, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 44 (1983): 117–39.
52
Agustí, J. Antón, M. „Mammoths, Sabertooths, and Hominids”, Turner, et al., „The Giant Hyaena, Pachycrocuta brevirostris (Mammalia, Carnivora, Hyaenidae)”, Geobios 29, no. 4 (1996): 455–68. Schrenk, F., Müller, S. „The Neanderthals”,London, New York: Routledge, 2009.
53
Vekua, A., et al., „A New Skull of Early Homofrom Dmanisi” Science 297, no. 5578 (2002): 85–89.
54
Fagan, B. M., ed. „The Complete Ice Age: How Climate Change Shaped the World”, London, Thames & Hudson, 2009.
55
Barton, M. et al., „Wild New World: Recreating Ice-Age North America”, London: BBC Books, 2002.
