The mysteries of Aryan civilization. A. G. Vinogradov

broke through an iron fortress

      9 Lies in the middle of the sea

      Vajra covered with water.

      Pay tribute to him

      Continuously flowing forward.

      X. 23. (To Indra)

      3 When he (picks up) the golden vajra, then he rises

      X. 48. (Self-glorification of Indra)

      3 Tvashtar forged an iron club for me.

      X. 89. (To Indra)

      12 Let, as a symbol of the brightly flaming Ushas,

      Your insatiable shot will shoot, O Indra!

      Strike like a stone thrown from the sky

      Friends-deceivers with red-hot weapons!

      X. 11З. (To Indra)

      Impudent, he threw down an iron vajra.

      X. 138. (To Indra)

      Whose shot is irresistible, with an outstanding, splitting…».

      4

      The catastrophe changed the composition of the population. Clovis culture disappears in North America. Contemporaries of the Clovis culture people of the Madeleine culture also experienced a sharp population decline 13 thousand years ago. In Belgium, at the excavation site of the Madeleine culture, an increase in the number of magnetic particles, metal spheres and charcoal, as well as a black blanket, is exactly the same as in North America. Magnetic particles have the highest levels of iridium.

      Madeleine culture

      The Clovis people appeared in the New World suddenly and remained on the historical stage for several millennia, after which about 13 thousand years ago their distinct culture suddenly disappeared. North American archaeological evidence shows little to no human evidence for hundreds of years after the Clovis era.

      Most scholars believe that the Clovis people came to North America from Asia. However, no one has found artifacts in Asia that resemble the Clovis culture.

      A unique technology for the production of tools appeared in the New World suddenly, together with the newly arrived peoples of the Clovis culture. In an effort to explain the mystery of the Clovis culture, scientists tried to find a similar technology, and found it in Europe. It resembles the technology of the Solutre culture, which was widespread in Europe during the early Clovis culture. Klovisky instruments were spear-shaped. The Solutrean and Klovsky points are in many ways similar: they are thin and two-sided, the technique of overlapping peeling was used for its production, reducing the thickness without reducing the width.

      Clovis Culture

      Solutrejs spearhead

      Clovis spearhead

      In connection with this issue, a number of researchers, for example, F. Hibben (in the thirties and forties), A. Dzhelinek (1971), A. L. Mongait (1973), B. Bradley, D. Meltzer, D Stanford (in 1998), expressed a hypothesis about the possible participation of Western European cultures of the Upper Paleolithic in the settlement of the New World. The hypothesis suggests that people from Europe could move to North America, following the ice edge between Europe and America. D. Stanford looked for traces of the forerunner of Clovis culture where they should have been – in Alaska and Chukotka. And did not find them. And the Siberian and Alaskan stone tools are not at all similar to the Clovis ones found outside of Alaska.

      The Klovisky culture in North America is dated back to 12—10.5 thousand BC. Although there are finds dating back to about 18—13 thousand BC. Objects of this culture have been found in many places in the United States and Mexico.

      Although the population density in the Paleolithic, according to scientists, was 5 people per 100 square kilometers, in North America there were at least 500 thousand people, in Britain and France – 30 thousand people. Their main occupation was hunting and gathering. In total, there are more than 125 species of plants and animals used by people of the Clovis culture. According to the results of statistical processing of data on the number of finds of tools of the «Clovis» culture, one can speak of their high concentration in the eastern part of North America.

      Solutrean culture is an archaeological culture of the Paleolithic common in France, Spain, Portugal. In Northern France, Belgium and England, there are monuments close to the early phase of the Solutrean culture. In a number of Late Paleolithic sites in Central Europe and the European part of Russia, some features of similarity with the Solutrean culture were found.

      Solutrean culture

      Solutreian industry refers to the period between the development of the Gravette and Madeleine cultures and partly exists in parallel with them. Dating back to 23—18, 21—16 or 18—15 thousand BC. It is characterized by carefully crafted flint-shaped tips in the form of a laurel or willow leaf, treated with perfect pressing retouching, as well as with a notch. The method of wring-out retouching originated earlier, but reached its peak in the Solutrean era. Pressing retouching made it possible to produce arrowheads and spearheads that were as thin as the later iron arrowheads of the same size. They were light enough to be used for throwing weapons. Together with them, they find flint scrapers, incisors, punctures, points, and bone tips, needles with ears, wands, and works of art. Thus, the «tips of solutre» are traditionally considered to be a symbol of technical achievements in the Paleolithic, the pinnacle of the art of stone processing, unattainable in subsequent cultures of the Madeleine era.

      Madeleine products

      A variant of Solutrean culture is the Himaldi culture – the south of France and the north of Italy. Chronologically, it existed simultaneously with the Madeleine culture, but flint-like products resemble the products of the gravetta culture.

      Products of culture «Himaldi»

      Products of culture «Himaldi»

      Products of gravetta culture

      There are different views on the question of the origin of the Solutrean culture. The Solutrean culture is considered as a stage in the development of Western European cultures of the Stone Age, which arose on a local basis. Some scholars believed that it appeared from the east, from the area of the Selet culture, as evidence of which they cited the similarity of the leaf-shaped tips typical of both cultures.

      Products of the Selet culture

      In the early Paleolithic, one of the European population groups that lived in Germany and Eastern Europe used Solutrean-type arrowheads, the prototypes of which are known in local cultures. In Western Europe, the Solutrean technique was not then used. Then the proto-Lutreans were replaced by the people of the Aurignacian culture. In layer 2, Kostenok 1, a change of the proto-Lutreian culture to the sites of the Middle West European Aurignacian is noted.

      Aurignac culture

      In the