Practical Cardiovascular Medicine. Elias B. Hanna

incidence, clinical features and prognostic implications. Eur Heart J 2009; 30: 1038–45.

      2 147. Crenshaw BS, Ward SR, Granger CB, et al. Atrial fibrillation in the setting of acute myocardial infarction: the GUSTO-I experience. Global Utilization of Streptokinase and TPA for Occluded Coronary Arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 406–13.

      3 148. Siu CW, Jim MH, Ho HH, et al. Transient atrial fibrillation complicating acute inferior myocardial infarction: implications for future risk of ischemic stroke. Chest 2007; 132: 44–9.

      4 149. Stenestrand U, Lindback J, Wallentin L. Anticoagulation therapy in atrial fibrillation in combination with acute myocardial infarction influences long-term outcome: a prospective cohort study from the Register of Information and Knowledge About Swedish Heart Intensive Care Admissions (RIKS-HIA). Circulation 2005; 112: 3225–31.

       AV block

      1 150 Nicod P, Gilpin E. Dittrich H, et al. Long-term outcome in patients with inferior myocardial infarction and complete atrioventricular block. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 12: 589–94.

      2 151. Harikrishnan P, Gupta T, Palaniswamy C, et al. Complete heart block complicating ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: temporal trends and association with in-hospital outcomes. J Am Coll Cardiol EP 2015; 1:529–38.

      3 152. Meine TJ, Al-Khatib SM, Alexander JH, et al. Incidence, predictors, and outcomes of high-degree atrioventricular block complicating acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolytic therapy. Am Heart J 2005; 149: 670–4.

      4 153. Ginks WR, Sutton R, Oh W, Leatham W. Long-term prognosis after acute anterior infarction with atrioventricular block. Br Heart J 1977; 39, 186–9.

      5 154. Engel TR, Wolf NM. Left bundle branch block does not mean left coronary artery block. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 62: 968–9.

      6 155 Newby KH, Pisano E, Krucoff MW, et al. Incidence and clinical relevance of the occurrence of bundle branch block in patients treated with throm- bolytic therapy. Circulation 1996; 94: 2424–8. Data from GUSTO-1 and TAMI, continuous ECG monitoring. 75% of BBB are transient, mortality higher for LBBB.

      7 156. Sgarbossa EB, Pinski SL, Topol EJ, et al. Acute myocardial infarction and complete bundle branch block at hospital admission: clinical characteristics and outcome in the thrombolytic era. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 105–10. Data from GUSTO 1, looking at admission ECG (not continuous ECG). Only 1.6% of patients have BBB, and 25% of BBB are transient; LBBB more often results from RCA than LAD occlusion; mortality higher for RBBB.

Aneurysm and pseudo-aneurysm

      1 157. Ba’albaki HA, Clements SD. Left ventricular aneurysm: a review. Clin Cardiol 1989; 12: 5–13.

      2 158. Heras M, Sanz G, Betriu A, et al. Does left ventricular aneurysm influence survival after acute myocardial infarction? Eur Heart J 1990; 11 (5): 441–6.

      3 159. Frances C, Romero A, Grady D. Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 557–61.

      4 160. Vlodaver Z, Coe JI, Edwards JE. True and false left ventricular aneurysms. Propensity for the altter to rupture. Circulation 1975; 51: 567–72.

      5 161. Gatewood RP, Nanada NC. Differentiation of left ventricular pseudoaneurysm from true aneurysm with two dimensional echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 1980 46: 869–78.

Post-MI pericarditis

      1 162. Oliva PB, Hammill SC, Edwards WD. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of postinfarction regional pericarditis: ancillary observations regarding the effect of reperfusion on the rapidity and amplitude of T wave inversion after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1993; 88: 896–904.

      2 163. Sugiura T, Iwasaka T, Takayama Y, et al. Factors associated with pericardial effusion in acute Q wave myocardial infarction. Circulation 1990; 81: 477–81.

      3 164. Oliva PB, Hammill SC, Talano JV. Effect of definition on incidence of postinfarction pericarditis. It is time to redefine postinfarction pericarditis? Circulation 1994; 90: 1537–41.

      4 165. Widimský P, Gregor P. Pericardial involvement during the course of myocardial infarction. A long-term clinical and echocardiographic study. Chest 1995; 108: 89–93.

      5 166. Figueras J, Barrabes JA, Serra V, et al. Hospital outcome of moderate to severe pericardial effusion complicating ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2010; 122: 1902–9.

LV thrombus

      1 167. Delewi R,Zijlstra F, Piek JJ. Left ventricular thrombus formation after acute myocardial infarction. Heart 2012; 98: 1743–9.

      2 168. Shacham Y, Leshem-Rubinow E, Ben Ass E, et al. Frequency and correlates of early left ventricular thrombus formation following anterior wall acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol 2013; 111: 667–70.

      3 169. Asinger RW, Mikell FL, Elsperger J, et al. Incidence of left ventricular thrombosis after acute transmural myocardial infarction. Serial evaluation by two-dimensional echocardiography. N Engl J Med 1981; 305: 297–302.

      4 170. Vaitkus PT, Barnathan ES. Embolic potential, prevention and management of mural thrombus complicating anterior myocardial infarction: a meta- analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 22: 1004–9.

      5 171. Meltzer RS, Visser CA, Fuster V. Intracardiac thrombi and systemic embolization. Ann Intern Med 1986; 104: 689–98. +These 2 old studies: (a) Lapeyre AC 3rd, Steele PM, Kazmier FJ, et al. Systemic embolism in chronic left ventricular aneurysm: incidence and the role of anticoagulation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985; 6(3):534-8. (b) Reeder GS, Lengyel M, Tajik AJ, Seward JB, Smith HC, Danielson GK. Mural thrombus in left ventricular aneurysm: incidence, role of angiography, and relation between anticoagulation and embolization. Mayo Clin Proc. 1981; 56(2):77–81.

      6 172. Mollet NR, Dymarkowski S, Volders W, et al. Visualization of ventricular thrombi with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with ischemic heart disease. Circulation 2002; 106: 2873–6.

      7 173. Lattuca B, Bouziri N, Kerneis M, et al. Antithrombotic Therapy for Patients With Left Ventricular Mural Thrombus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020; 75(14):1676-1685.

      8 174. Robinson AA, Trankle CR, Eubanks G, et al. Off-label Use of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Compared With Warfarin for Left Ventricular Thrombi. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(6):685-692. For LV thrombus, NOACs are associated with 2.6 times higher thromboembolic risk compared to warfarin.

Prognosis

      1 175. Savonitto S, Ardissino D, Granger CB, et al. Prognostic value of the admission electrocardiogram in acute coronary syndromes. JAMA 1999; 281: 707–13.

Cardiac arrest

      1 176. Kern KB. Optimal treatment of patients surviving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 5: 597–605.

      2 177. Loffi A, Klein LW, Hira RS, et al. SCAI expert consensus statement on out of hospital cardiac arrest. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2020, epub doi.org/10.1002/ccd.28990.

      3 178. Lemkes JS, Janssens JN, van der Hoeven NW, et al. Coronary angiography after cardiac arrest without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med 2019;380:1397-1407. COACT trial

      4 179. Desch S, Freund A, Akin I, et al. Angiography after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med August 2021. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2101909.

      5 180. Dumas F, Cariou A, Manzo-Silberman S. Immediate percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with better survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: insights from the PROCAT (Parisian Region Out of hospital Cardiac ArresT) registry. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 3: 200–207.

      6 181. Gorjup V, Radsel P, Kocjancic ST, et al. Acute ST-elevation myocardial