Practical Cardiovascular Medicine. Elias B. Hanna

Amin AP, Spertus JA, Curtis JP, et al. The evolving landscape of Impella use in the United States among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with mechanical circulatory support. Circulation. 2020; 141:273–284.

      15 115. Schrage B, Ibrahim K, Loehn T, et al. Impella Support for Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock. Circulation. 2019; 139(10):1249–1258.

RV shock (+ reference 89 above)

      1 116. Bowers TR, O’Neill WW, Grines C, et al. Effect of reperfusion on biventricular function and survival after right ventricular infarction. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 933–940.

      2 117. Berisha S, Kastrati A, Goda A, Popa Y. Optimal value of filling pressure in the right side of the heart in acute right ventricular infarction. Br Heart J 1990; 63: 98–102.

      3 118. Price LC, Wort SJ, Finney SJ, et al. Pulmonary vascular and right ventricular dysfunction in adult critical care: current and emerging options for manage- ment: a systematic literature review. Crit Care 2010; 14: R169.

      4 119. Haddad F, Doyle R, Murphy D, et al. Right ventricular dysfunction in cardiovascular disease, part II. Pathophysiology, clinical importance and management of right ventricular failure. Circulation 2008; 117: 1717–31.

      5 120. Inglessis I, Shin JT, Lepore JT, et al. Hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide in right ventricular myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 793–8.

Mechanical complications

      1 121. Thompson CR, Buller CE, Sleeper LA, et al. Cardiogenic shock due to acute severe mitral regurgitation complicating acute myocardial infarction: a report from the SHOCK Trial Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36 (3 Suppl A): 1104–9. Problem: this registry does not distinguish severe MR due to tethering from severe MR due to papillary muscle rupture.

      2 122. Menon V, Webb JG, Hillis LD, et al. Outcome and profile of ventricular septal rupture with cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction: a report from the SHOCK trial registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 1110–16.

      3 123. Moreno R, Lopez-Sendon J, Garcia E, et al. Primary angioplasty reduces the risk of left ventricular free wall rupture compared with thrombolysis in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: 598–603.

      4 124. Lopez-Sendon J, Gonzalez A, Lopez de Sa E, et al. Diagnosis of subacute ventricular wall rupture after acute myocardial infarction (sensitivity and specificity of clinical, hemodynamic and echocardiographic criteria). J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 1145–53.

      5 125. Slater J, Brown RJ, Antonelli TA, et al. Cardiogenic shock due to cardiac free-wall rupture or tamponade after acute myocardial infarction: a report from the SHOCK Trial Registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 36: 1117–22.

      6 126. Honan MB, Harrell FE, Reimer KA, et al. Cardiac rupture, mortality and the timing of thrombolytic therapy: a meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 16: 359–67. Early thrombolysis reduces cardiac rupture, late thrombolysis increases it.

      7 127. Bueno H, Martínez-Sellés M, Pérez-David E, López-Palop R. Effect of thrombolytic therapy on the risk of cardiac rupture and mortality in older patients with first acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 1705–11. Thrombolysis increases cardiac rupture in the elderly.

      8 128. Heuser RR, Maddoux GL, Goss JE, et al.; Coronary angioplasty for acute mitral regurgitation due to myocardial infarction. A nonsurgical treatment preserving mitral valve integrity. Ann Intern Med 1987; 107: 852–5. Three cases of acute ischemic dynamic MR that resolved with angioplasty.

      9 129. Shawl F.A, Forman M.B, Punja S, Goldbaum T.S; Emergent coronary angioplasty in the treatment of acute ischemic mitral regurgitation. long- term results in five cases. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 14: 986–91.

      10 130. Le Feuvre C, Metzger J.P, Lachurie M.L, Georges J.L, Baubion N, Vacheron A; Treatment of severe mitral regurgitation caused by ischemic papillary muscle dysfunction. indications for coronary angioplasty. Am Heart J 1992; 123: 860–5.

      11 131. Chockalingam A, Tejwani L, Aggarwal K, Dellsperger KC. Dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in acute myocardial infarction with shock: cause, effect, and coincidence. Circulation 2007; 116: e110–13.

Arrhythmias

       VF

      1 132. Tunstall-Pedoe H, KuulasmaaK, Amouyel P, et al. Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA registration project: registration procedures, event rates and case fatality rates in 30 populations from 21 countries in 4 continents. Circulation 1994; 90: 583–612.

      2 133. Norris RM, on behalf of the United Kingdom Heart Attack Study Collaborative Group. Fatality outside hospital from acute coronary events in three British health districts. BMJ 1998; 316: 1065–70.

      3 134. Sayer JW, Archbold RA, Wilkinson P, et al. Prognostic implications of ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction: new strategies required for further mortality reduction. Heart 2000; 84: 258–61.

      4 135. Newby KH, Thompson T, Stebbins A, et al. Sustained ventricular arrhythmias in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy: incidence and outcomes. Circulation 1998; 98: 2567–73. Data from GUSTO-1.

      5 136. Volpi A, Cavalli A, Santoro L, Negri E. Incidence and prognosis of early primary ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction--results of the GISSI-2 database. Am J Cardiol 1998; 82: 265–71.

      6 137. Tofler GH, Stone PH, Muller JE, et al. Prognosis after cardiac arrest due to ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation associated with acute myocar- dial infarction (the MILIS study). Am J Cardiol 1987; 60: 755–61.

      7 138. Mehta RH, Yu J, Piccini JP, et al. Prognostic significance of postprocedural sustained ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (from the HORIZONS-AMI trial). Am J Cardiol 2012; 109: 805–12.

      8 139. Mehta RH, Starr AZ, Lopes RD, et al.; APEX AMI Investigators. Incidence of and outcomes associated with ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. JAMA 2009; 301: 1779–89. VT/VF post-PCI: VT/VF that occurs during or after primary PCI is not associated with any long-term increase in mortality (APEX, HORIZONS), but increase in short-term mortality (APEX).

       VT

      1 140 Wolfe CL, Nibley C, Bhandari A, et al. Polymorphous ventricular tachycardia associated with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1991; 84: 1543–51.

      2 141. Eldar M, Sievner Z, Goldbourt U, et al. Primary ventricular tachycardia in acute myocardial infarction: clinical characteristics and mortality. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 31–6.

      3 142. Mont L, Cinca J, Blanch P, et al. Predisposing factors and prognostic value of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996; 28: 1670–6.

      4 143. Hatzinikolaou-Kotsakou E, Tziakas D, Hotidis A, et al. Could sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in the early phase of a prime acute myocar- dial infarction affect patient outcome? J Electrocardiol 2007; 40: 72–7.

      5 144. Vaitkus PT, Kindwall KE, Marchlinski FE, et al. Differences in electrophysiological substrate in patients with coronary artery disease and cardiac arrest or ventricular tachycardia. Insights from endocardial mapping and signal-averaged electrocardiography. Circulation 1991; 84: 672–8.

      6 145. Scirica BM, Braunwald E, Belardinelli L, et al. Relationship between nonsustained ventricular tachycardia after non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome and sudden cardiac death: observations from MERLIN-TIMI 36 randomized controlled trial. Circulation 2010; 122: 455–62.

       AF

      1 146.