Bioprospecting of Microorganism-Based Industrial Molecules. Группа авторов

Brachybacterium paraconglomeratum MSA2 Oil seed cake, wheat bran, treated molasses [47] Halomonas sp. Glucose [48] Pseudomonas otitidis Sodium acetate [49] Phospholipids Corynebacterium lepus [50] Lipopeptides Bacillus licheniformes Glucose [51] Bacillus subtilis Motor oil [52] Bacillus thuringiensis Glycerol [53] Klebsiella sp. Crude oil [39] Aeromonas salmonicida Gasoline [54] Polymixin Paenibacillus polymixa Glucose [55] Surfactin Bacillus subtilis Glucose, glycerol [55, 56] Fengycin Bacillus subtilis Glucose [57] Pontifactin Pontibacter korlensis Glucose [58] Serrawetin S. surfactantfaciens [59] N.A. Lactococcus lactis Cheese whey [60] Streptococcus termophilus Sucrose and lactose [60] Lactobacillus acidophilus [61] Protein, polysaccharides Lactobacillus pentosus Cheese whey [62]

2.3 Biosynthesis of BS by Yeasts and Molds

Yeasts and molds produce BS, mainly glycolipids, as SL and mannosylerythritol‐lipids. Table 2.3 shows the most important genera of BS producers, particularly, Candida, Pseudozyma, and Starmerella (ex Candida). Compared to bacteria, yeasts and molds have been less explored as a source of BS, with the exception of SL for oil and cosmetic applications. Candida genus are capable to synthetize both types (SL and MEL) of glycolipids [18]. Starmerella bombicola is the most important yeast in SL production and mold Ustilago maydis in other glycolipids. As bacteria, yeasts and molds have a highly regulated metabolic pathway for the BS synthesis, since these compounds are secondary metabolites. The carbon source, hydrophobic substrate, and nitrogen limitation are prevailing factors in SL and mannosylerythritol lipids biosynthesis, while for cellobiose lipids nitrogen source is also important [18].

Table 2.3 Yeasts and molds as biosurfactants producers.

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Biosurfactant	Microorganism	Carbon source
Mannosylerythritol lipids	Pseudozyma antarctica	Glycerol [63]
	Pseudozyma rugulosa	Soybean oil [64]
	Pseudozyma aphidis	Soybean oil, glucose [64]
	Pseudozyma tsukubaensis	Olive oil, arabitol [65]
	Pseudozyma hubiensis	Soybean oil [66]
	Pseudozyma shanxiensis	Soybean oil [66]
	Pseudozyma crassa	Glucose and oleic acid [67]
Cybersan	Cyberlindnera saturnus	Glucose [68]
Sophorolipids	Candida floricola	Glucose and olive oil [69]
	Candida batistae	Glucose and olive oil [70]
	Candida apicola	Glucose and olive oil [71]
	Candida stellata	Glucose and olive oil [71]
	Candida riodocensis	Glucose and olive oil [71]
	Candida kuoi	Glucose and olive oil [72]
	Meyerozyma guilliermondii	Olive oil [73]
	Starmerella bombicola	Biomass hydrolysate [74], palm oil [75], food waste [76]
	Wickerhamiella domercqiae	Glucose, repeseed oil [77]
	Lachancea thermotolerans	Canola oil [78]
Glycolipids	Wickerhamomyces anomalus	Glucose and olive oil [79]
Cellobiose lipids	Cryptococcus humicola	Glucose [80]
Glycoprotein	Curvularia lunata