Enabling Healthcare 4.0 for Pandemics. Группа авторов

University, Alexandria, Egypt

       2Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Virtual University Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan

       3Department Propaedeutics of Internal Medicine, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine

       Abstract

      COVID-19 has generated needs for health tools, medications, and applications in information technology. Industry 4.0 is about techniques like artificial intelligence (AI) or robots as tools that are designed to carry improvement in responding to the changing world. According to scientific data, industry 4.0 offers novel insights and solutions to national and international health agencies. Healthcare system 4.0 (HCS 4.0), a part of the fourth industrial transformation, could meet demands in the disaster of COVID-19. There are valuable HCS 4.0 techniques that could assist in controlling and managing the pandemic via detecting and diagnosing COVID-19 and other associated issues. For instance, HCS 4.0 could meet the demands for face masks, gloves, and gather information for health sectors to adequately address the infected cases with COVID-19. It is also important to deliver daily updates about infected cases, including demographics via surveillance systems. Applying such techniques adequately could improve public health communication and education. Ultimately, the techniques for HCS 4.0 could offer many novel interventions for addressing local and universal catastrophes in health. This chapter explores the leading HCS 4.0 techniques that could address this pandemic, highlighting real-world applications, opportunities, challenges, and future insights.

      Keywords: Healthcare System 4.0, information technology, COVID-19, coronavirus, public health

2.1 Introduction

      Coronavirus pandemic, so-called COVID-19, has significantly affected almost the entire universe, particularly the healthcare systems, hence the need for innovative techniques to address the growing burden related to such a viral pandemic. The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) includes novel information and production technologies, to timely fulfill human needs such as wireless connectivity in the production and service industries. Under the revolutionary Healthcare System 4.0 (HCS 4.0), all technologies get connected, and health stakeholders could interact together for producing and using medications, vaccines, medical equipment, logistics, surveillance, and implementing the required steps with the least real human engagement [1].

      In the era of advanced technology, computer learning, storing, managing and manipulating processes are possible to solve daily life challenges of the world population using the most powerful technology including artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), Internet of Things (IoT), big data analysis, data mining and other complex tasks and technologies in healthcare systems. The complex structure of the advanced technology based on sensors and wireless connectivity in the contexts of healthcare, known as HCS 4.0, is responsible for large pathways to make its own decisions, interpretation, or communication among physical, digital and large biological datasets. HCS 4.0 provides the opportunity for a resource chain of biological disposables and equipment with responsible phenomena to handle the pandemic situation of COVID-19 outbreak via smooth developed methods. This digital system is also important to handle COVID-19 crisis and deliver medical items on time for patients [2, 3].

HCS 4.0 is an advanced system for smart productivity of wide-ranging production processes based on applied technologies. In a medical field like management of COVID-19 outbreak, HCS 4.0 can design and develop medical instruments for patients based on advanced tools and technologies like 3D printing, automatic medical robotics, and multi-tasking system, etc. for manufacturing required material [4, 5]. In this domain, HCS 4.0 give significant benefits on COVID-19 outbreak via providing the best digital solutions such as planning and explanations of the COVID-19 risk factors with goal-based, experience, and rational systems, virtual reality and model system, robotic based treatment, supply chain processes in medical terms, manufacturing of safety item regarding current virus related issues, among others for promoting many other flexible environments. This informational Technogym of HCS 4.0 helps healthcare individuals to perform retune wise activities for the international open well-being crisis of this virus with several recent innovations [6]. For availability of telemedicine in the domain of COVID-19, it is possible based on advanced digital systems for suitable prevention and control and also provides feedback about additional challenges regarding patients or aware the medical staff during the serious situation on an instant basis. Therefore, the ability of a remote control system for healthcare is important to handle problems and challenges of this virus based on HCS 4.0 technologies [7, 8]. Many high-through-put technologies and techniques provide wide-ranging applications like sensors etc. to manage the physiological data of patients by doctors and achieve innovative solutions for the current outbreak of COVID-19. During the lockdown, digital systems and technologies also provide smart access and remote control strategy to handle distance education resources about COVID-19 documentation, relevant information, and guidance [9, p. 19].

      HCS 4.0, with the help of other advanced emerging techniques, provide the facility to determine COVID-19 outbreak’s mode of transmission and symptoms and handle any confusing outcomes regarding this disease, like potential health challenges or probabilities of recovery. AI, ML, and DL-based video reconnaissance have a great proficiency for healthcare professionals to reduce the overload of hospital teams and activities of patients during the COVID-19 crisis. HCS 4.0 is a highly dependent system in medical science to handle biological data or provide future insights to store, manipulate sensitive data that will be applicable for upcoming similar pandemics from doctors, staff, and other professionals. HCS 4.0 can manage all centralized medical tools and technologies, virtual hospital consultations including unique treatment processes that are rapidly involving COVID-19 or related diseases. This squared phenomenon offers a disruptive revolution to diminish the effect of COVID-19 outbreak-related viruses in public domains.

      This chapter discusses applying HCS 4.0 techniques in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. It starts by highlighting the key techniques, then reviews real world applications. It also describes opportunities, challenges and the future of HCS 4.0 in addressing similar pandemics.

2.2 Key Techniques of HCS 4.0 for COVID-19

      HCS 4.0 techniques could predict the risk and detect COVID-19 symptoms to confirm cases. It enables monitoring of likely health issues and recovery [5]. Telemedicine services could monitor health remotely, enabling adequate prevention and control of such a virus via detecting abnormalities in patients and rapidly communicating healthcare providers, especially in emergencies [8]. Sensors for physiological monitoring could offer useful data for both the patients and the healthcare providers. Through the lockdown out of the COVID-19 pandemic emergency, digital techniques enabled online and distant learning through sharing updated information, guidance, documentation, and open educational resources for teaching in remote areas [10].

      AI-based surveillance has the potential to minimize the burden over healthcare staff during this crisis where it could observe COVID-19 patients’ activities. HCS 4.0 techniques could offer better alternatives and enhance the performance of healthcare providers to learn more about COVID-19 [11]. There was a wide communication of false information about COVID-19 to the public via different media channels. HCS 4.0 technologies could help to detect such false information and provide accurate one [12, p. 19]. This work discusses the potentials of different HCS 4.0 techniques in managing the pandemic of COVID-19. This review would help the health stakeholders and investigators in fighting this pandemic, applying such technologies efficiently now and for the future. Here we deliberate the important tools of HCS 4.0, which may provide further help in COVID-19 epidemics.

      2.2.1 Artificial Intelligence (AI)

AI (man-made brainpower) is an amazing asset that can be helpful against the COVID-19 pandemic in evaluating the dangers of contamination and screening the populace. It is an application like AI, PC vision, and normal language preparation that can teach PCs to use models dependent on huge information to perceive, clarify, and expect the