Прочая образовательная литература
Различные книги в жанре Прочая образовательная литератураEncyclopedia of Polymer Blends, Volume 3
A complete and timely overview of the topic, this Encyclopedia imparts knowledge of fundamental principles and their applications for academicians, scientists and researchers, while informing engineers, industrialists and entrepreneurs of the current state of the technology and its utilization. The most comprehensive source on polymer blends available on the market Offers a complete and timely overview of the topic Each article presents up to date research & development on a topic and its basic principles and applications, integrates case studies, laboratory and pilot plant experiments, and gives due reference to published and patented literature Equips academics, scientists and researchers with knowledge of fundamentals principles and their applications, and informs the engineers, industrialists and entrepreneurs about the state of the art technology and its applications
Chemometric Methods in Molecular Design
The statistical analysis of experimental and theoretical data lies at the heart of modern drug design. This practice-oriented handbook is a comprehensive account of modern chemometric methods in molecular design. It presents strategies for making more rational choices in the planning of syntheses, and describes techniques for analyzing biological and chemical data. Written by the world's experts, it provides in-depth information on * molecular concepts * experimental design in the planning of syntheses * multivariate analysis of chemical and biological data * statistical validation of QSAR results An additional benefit: the book contains a critical survey of commercially available software packages both for statistical analysis as well as for special applications. Industrial and academic researches in medicinal chemistry and organic chemistry will value this book as a useful source of information for their daily work. Also available: Advanced Computer-Assisted Techniques in Drug Discovery, edited by H. van de Waterbeemd
Thermal Methods in Petroleum Analysis
This exceptional book reveals the results of twelve years of extensive thermoanalytical investigations into petroleum and its products with the aid of 236 tables, 284 diagrams and 159 references. Firstly, the methods employed in obtaining thermoanalytic data, in particular thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, are presented, and the underpinning theory described. Next, the data obtained from model substances, i.e. pure hydrocarbons, is displayed; it is then explained how multicomponent hydrocarbon systems may be characterized by comparison of their data with this. Research into petroleum and its products using these methods is outlined. The reactions central to various refinery processes, tertiary oil recovery, lubricant stability testing and oil shale retorting, to name but a few examples, are investigated as are relevant pyrolysis and oxidation reactions. Finally, readers are brought up-to-date with recent developments in instrumentation, are recommended hardware and software and are provided with a list of suppliers. Scientists, engineers and technicians working on research, product characterization, process development or quality control in the oil recovery, oil refining, petrochemical, lubricant and asphalt industries will find the advice and information in this book to be of great value.
Ways to Successful Strategies in Drug Research and Development
Strategic planning is a critical subject, central to the success of any scientific and economical enterprise. Not only is the scientific knowledge of many persons needed, but also an assessment of what may occur in the future – which approach may be competitive, which option can be achieved, and how can this be accomplished. With a focus on the various ethical obligations to patients, animals and the environment, this book offers hands-on help on how to develop successful R&D strategies, taking special account of the needs of scientists and managers in the pharmaceutical industry. Key topics include: – evaluation and selection of projects – measures to reduce risks – project management – corporate and technology strategy – managing for innovation The reader will learn the methods needed to elaborate strategies so that he or she will become aware of the numerous managerial, organizational, social and political parameters and forces, the consideration of which is essential for the successful realization of a formulated strategy.
Characterization of Powders and Aerosols
Characterization of fine particles is a difficult task! A large number of industries deal with materials in powder form. The properties of these powders depend on their particle size, particle shape and size distributions, surface and porosity. What are the methods? What are the problems? What questions need answering? This new book covers the problems of sampling both powders and aerosols, and discusses calibration standards for different instruments. It takes into account fractionating methods for fine particles, e.g., sieving procedures, sedimentation methods, and the use of cyclones. Image analysis and its use for the measurement of the size and shape of powder grains and light-diffraction techniques for size evaluation are presented. Furthermore, this books covers the most effective methods for measuring surface areas, fractal structures of rough surfaces, and pore structures of porous bodies. Practitioners will find tips for modification of analytical procedures for on-line characterization, and many graphs for comparing data obtained by different methods are presented.
Production-Integrated Environmental Protection and Waste Management in the Chemical Industry
Production-integrated environmental protection is synonymous with – reducing the amount of potential pollutants at source – reducing the consumption of resources and energy – recycling and utilization of residues and used products, and therefore a topic of considerable current interest. No chemical process exists that produces only the product desired. Therefore it is an important aim of the chemical industry to reduce the environmental effects of residues of chemical processes. This can be achieved by: – optimizing processes – applying new synthesis routes – improving selectivity – replacing auxiliaries that have a harmful effect on the environment – production-integrated recovery of residues to name just a few possibilities. If you want to know more about them, have a look at Protection-Integrated Environmental Protection and Waste Management. There you will find examples from the chemical industry where modification of existing manufacturing processes or the design of new processes has led to reduction of environmental pollution. Data from companies are given who operate world-wide reflecting a multi national situation.
Plastic Packaging Materials for Food
Plastics have developed into the most important class of packaging materials. Their relative impermeability for substances from the surroundings has great influence on the shelf life and the quality of the packed goods. At the same time the interaction between the contents and the various components of the packaging plays a decisive role. This particular book is indispensable in the search for the optimal plastic packaging. It facilitates the estimation of the influence on the goods which come from the surroundings and from the packaging. The authors do not restrict themselves only to the description of the phenomena of diffusion or transport in theory, but they show what they mean for practical applications. Food represents the central theme as main area of application for plastic packaging. It can be considered to be the «model substance» and the findings are to be applied to many other products and systems. The main rules and regulations for food packaging of the European Community and the United States are presented in this book. Furthermore the authors emphasize the testing methods for proving the mass transport and the sensory check of the quality of the products.
Evolutionary Algorithms in Molecular Design
When trying to find new methods and problem-solving strategies for their research, scientists often turn to nature for inspiration. An excellent example of this is the application of Darwin's Theory of Evolution, particularly the notion of the 'survival of the fittest', in computer programs designed to search for optimal solutions to many kinds of problems. These 'evolutionary algorithms' start from a population of possible solutions to a given problem and, by applying evolutionary principles, evolve successive generations with improved characteristics until an optimal, or near-optimal, solution is obtained. This book highlights the versatility of evolutionary algorithms in areas of relevance to molecular design with a particular focus on drug design. The authors, all of whom are experts in their field, discuss the application of these computational methods to a wide range of research problems including conformational analysis, chemometrics and quantitative structure-activity relationships, de novo molecular design, chemical structure handling, combinatorial library design, and the study of protein folding. In addition, the use of evolutionary algorithms in the determination of structures by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy is also covered. These state-of-the-art reviews, together with a discussion of new techniques and future developments in the field, make this book a truly valuable and highly up-to-date resource for anyone engaged in the application or development of computer-assisted methods in scientific research.
Virtual Screening for Bioactive Molecules
Recent progress in high-throughput screening, combinatorial chemistry and molecular biology has radically changed the approach to drug discovery in the pharmaceutical industry. New challenges in synthesis result in new analytical methods. At present, typically 100,000 to one million molecules have to be tested within a short period and, therefore, highly effective screening methods are necessary for today's researchers – preparing and characterizing one compound after another belongs to the past. Intelligent, computer-based search agents are needed and «virtual screening» provides solutions to many problems. Such screening comprises innovative computational techniques designed to turn raw data into valuable chemical information and to assist in extracting the relevant molecular features. This handbook is unique in bringing together the various efforts in the field of virtual screening to provide the necessary methodological framework for more effective research. Leading experts give a thorough introduction to the state of the art along with a critical assessment of both successful applications and drawbacks. The information collated here will be indispensable for experienced scientists, as well as novices, working in medicinal chemistry and related disciplines.
Handbook of Explosion Prevention and Protection
The new definitive reference in the field. Between them, the renowned team of editors and authors have amassed unparalleled experience at such institutes as BAM, PTB, Pittsburgh National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety, BASF AG, and the University of Göttingen. In this work—the first of its kind for 35 years—they describe in detail those measures that prevent or limit industrial explosions and the damage so caused. They cover various preventative methods, as well as the current state of technology combined with data gained through experimentation. This handbook offers operational, planning, design and safety engineers working in industry, government agencies and professional associations in-depth knowledge of the scientific and technical basics, allowing them to apply explosion protection according to any given situation.