The Story of Hawaii: History, Customs, Mythology, Geography & Archaeology. Fowke Gerard

in the direction of the present town, the land known as Hana-kahi.

¹⁶³ Hana-kahi. Look at note f, p. 60.

¹⁶⁴ Mauna-ole. According to one authority this should be Mauna-Hilo. Verses 13, 14, 16, and 17 are difficult of translation. The play on the words ku a, standing at, or standing by, and kua, the back; also on the word kowa, a gulf or strait; and the repetition of the word mauna, mountain--all this is carried to such an extent as to be quite unintelligible to the Anglo-Saxon mind, though full of significance to a Hawaiian.

¹⁶⁵ A'e. A strong wind that prevails in Ka-u. The same word also means to step on, to climb. This double-meaning gives the poet opportunity for a euphuistic word-play that was much enjoyed by the Hawaiians. The Hawaiians of the present day are not quite up to this sort of logomachy.

¹⁶⁶ Kaili-ki'i. The promontory that shelters the cove Ka-hewa-hewa.

¹⁶⁷ Ka-hea-hea. The name of the cove Ka-hewa-hewa, above mentioned, is here given in a softened form obtained by the elision of the letter w.

¹⁶⁸ Hilo, or Whiro, as in the Maori, was a great navigator.

¹⁶⁹ Koa'e-kea, Pueo hulu-nui. Steep declivities, pali, on the side of Waipio valley, Hawaii. Instead of inserting these names, which would be meaningless without an explanation, the author has given a literal translation of the names themselves, thus getting a closer insight into the Hawaiian thought.

¹⁷⁰ A'e. The precipices rise one above another like the steps of a stairway, climbing, climbing up, though the probable intent of the poet is to represent some one as climbing the ascent.

¹⁷¹ Ha'i. Short for Ha'ina- kolo; a woman about whom there is a story of tragic adventure. Through eating when famished of some berries in an unceremonious way she became distraught and wandered about for many months until discovered by the persistent efforts of her husband. The pali which she climbed was named after her.

¹⁷² Maka'u-kiu. The name of a famous huge shark that was regarded with reverential fear.

¹⁷³ Pohaku lele. In order to determine whether a shark was present, it was the custom, before going into the clear water of some of these coves, to throw rocks into the water in order to disturb the monster and make his presence known.

¹⁷⁴ Big-leaf. A literal translation of Lau-nui. Laupahoehoe, Flat-leaf.

¹⁷⁵ Hole. To rasp, to handle rudely, to caress passionately. Waimea is a district and village on Hawaii.

¹⁷⁶ Kipu'u-pu'u. A cold wind from Mauna-Kea that blows at Waimea.

¹⁷⁷ Mahiki. A woodland in Waimea, in mythological times haunted by demons and spooks.

¹⁷⁸ Mala-nai. The poetical name of a wind, probably the trade wind; a name much used in Hawaiian sentimental poetry.

¹⁷⁹ Oha-wai. A water hole that is filled by dripping; an important source of supply for drinking purposes in certain parts of Hawaii.

¹⁸⁰ Pua o Koaie, The koaie is a tree that grows in the wilds, the blossom of which is extremely fragrant. (Not the same as that subspecies of the koa (Acacia koa) which Hillebrand describes and wrongly spells koaia. Here a euphemism for the delicate parts.)

¹⁸¹ Koolau, or, full form, Ko-kao-lau. Described by Doctor Hillebrand as Kokolau, a wrong spelling. It has a pretty yellow flower, a yellow eye--maka lena--as the song has it. Here used tropically. (This is the plant whose leaf is sometimes used as a substitute for tea.)

¹⁸² Moolau. An expression used figuratively to mean a woman, more especially her breasts. The term Huli-lau, is also used, in a slang way, to signify the breasts of a woman, the primitive meaning being a calabash.

¹⁸³ Pili. To touch; touched. This was the word used in the forfeit-paying love game, kilu, when the player made a point by hitting the target of his opponent with his kilu. (For further description see p. 235.)

¹⁸⁴ Po-lolo. A secret word, like a cipher, made up for the occasion and compounded of two words, po, night, and loloa, long, the final a, of loloa being dropped. This form of speech was called kepakepa, and was much used by the Hawaiians in old times.

¹⁸⁵ Ulu-mano. A violent wind which blows by night only on the western side of Hawaii. Kamehameha with a company of men was once wrecked by this wind off Nawawa; a whole village was burned to light them ashore. (Dictionary of the Hawaiian Language, by Lorrin Andrews.)

¹⁸⁶ Walu-ihe a ke A'e. The A'e is a violent wind that is described as blowing from different points of the compass in succession; a circular storm. Walu-ihe--eight spears--was a name applied to this same wind during a certain portion of its circuitous range, covering at least eight different points, as observed by the Hawaiians. It was well fitted, therefore, to serve as a figure descriptive of eight different lovers, who follow each other in quick succession, in the favors of the same wanton.

¹⁸⁷ Ho-Wo The name of a wind, but of an entirely different character from those above mentioned.

¹⁸⁸ Hana-kahi. (See note f, p. 60.)

      X.--THE HULA PA-ÍPU, OR KUÓLO

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      The pa-ípu, called also the kuólo, was a hula of dignified character, in which all the performers maintained the kneeling position and accompanied their songs with the solemn