Veterinary Clinical Parasitology. Anne M. Zajac

no ...Fig. 1.8 A typical stage micrometer of 1 mm total length. Each division repr...Fig. 1.9 Appearance at 40× of an ocular micrometer being calibrated with a 1...Fig. 1.10 Examples of pseudoparasites. (A) Pine pollen is a common pseudopar...Fig. 1.11 Examples of pseudoparasites. (A) In this ovine fecal sample, both ...Fig. 1.12 Examples of pseudoparasites. (A) Insect hair from the feces of an ...Fig. 1.13 Examples of pseudoparasites. (A) Plant hairs and other fibrous mat...Fig. 1.14 Examples of pseudoparasites. (A) Free‐living mites that contaminat...Fig. 1.15 Examples of pseudoparasites. Among the most common pseudoparasites...Fig. 1.16 Spurious parasites are parasite eggs or cysts from another host th...Fig. 1.17 Examples of spurious parasites. (A) Large cyst of Monocystis, a pr...Fig. 1.18 Examples of spurious parasites. (A) Adelina sp. oocyst in a canine...Fig. 1.19 Larva detected on fecal flotation from a dog infected with lungwor...Fig. 1.20 Vaginal opening (arrow) of a free‐living adult female nematode rec...Fig. 1.21 Tail of an adult male free‐living nematode recovered from an impro...Fig. 1.22 Anterior end of a plant parasitic nematode recovered from an impro...Fig. 1.23 (A) Anterior end of a first‐stage larva of Strongyloides stercoral...Fig. 1.24 Strongyloides stercoralis first‐stage larvae recovered from the fe...Fig. 1.25 Crenosoma vulpis first‐stage larva recovered from the feces of a d...Fig. 1.26 Anterior end of a first‐stage larva of a hookworm, Uncinaria steno...Fig. 1.27 Third‐stage larvae of common small ruminant strongylid genera coll...Fig. 1.28 Trichostrongylus larva from sheep, head (A) and tail sheath (B). T...Fig. 1.29 Ovine Teladorsagia head (A) and tail sheath (B). Teladorsagia can ...Fig. 1.30 Oesophagostomum/Chabertia head (A) and tail sheath (B). The larvae...Fig. 1.31 Haemonchus head (A) and tail sheath (B). The larvae of Haemonchus ...Fig. 1.32 Cooperia from a sheep, head (A) and tail sheath (B). Cooperia thir...Fig. 1.33 Strongyloides papillosus is a nematode of ruminants that is unrela...Fig. 1.34 Third‐stage Cooperia larvae from cattle. Several species of Cooper...Fig. 1.35 Tail sheath of Ostertagia (A) and Trichostrongylus (B). Both gener...Fig. 1.36 Tail sheath of Haemonchus (A) and Oesophagostomum (B) from cattle....Fig. 1.37 Tail sheath of Bunostomum. Species of this ruminant hookworm infec...Fig. 1.38 Infective third‐stage larvae of both large and small equine strong...Fig. 1.39 Parasites found in canine feces. Figure courtesy of Dr. Bert Strom...Fig. 1.40 Figure courtesy of Dr. Bert Stromberg and Mr. Gary Averbeck, Colle...Fig. 1.41 Dog and cat coccidia species produce oocysts of different sizes. T...Fig. 1.42 Cystoisospora oocysts usually require a minimum of 1–2 days to bec...Fig. 1.43 A sporulated Cystoisospora oocyst contains two sporocysts, each co...Fig. 1.44 Cystoisospora oocyst and two iodine‐stained Giardia cysts (arrows)...Fig. 1.45 Cystoisospora canis oocysts in this canine fecal sample (arrows) a...Fig. 1.46 Eimeria spp. oocysts are sometimes seen in dog and cat feces. Eime...Fig. 1.47 Neospora and Toxoplasma oocysts are similar to common Cystoisospor...Fig. 1.48 Sarcocystis sporocysts are smaller than typical coccidia oocysts a...Fig. 1.49 Sarcocystis sporulates in the intestines and the oocyst wall usual...Fig. 1.50 Cryptosporidium sp. in a sugar flotation preparation. The oocysts ...Fig. 1.51 Trichomonad parasites in dogs and cats have a distinctive undulati...Fig. 1.52 Stained fecal smear of a trichomonad organism showing the anterior...Fig. 1.53 Giardia cysts recovered with 33% ZnSO₄ centrifugal flotation. Cyst...Fig. 1.54 A drop of Lugol’s iodine may be added to a flotation preparation t...Fig. 1.55 Giardia cysts undergo osmotic damage when exposed to high specific...Fig. 1.56 The structures most often confused with Giardia cysts are yeast (a...Fig. 1.57 Giardia trophozoite in a direct saline smear. Trophozoites are bil...Fig. 1.58 Unstained Giardia trophozoite in a direct saline smear. The concav...Fig. 1.59 Giardia trophozoite (arrow) associated with a portion of mucosa in...Fig. 1.60 Although Ancylostoma is the most common genus of hookworm in the U...Fig. 1.61 Ancylostoma tubaeforme larvated and undeveloped eggs from a cat. T...Fig. 1.62 Egg of Mammomonogamus from a cat. This egg is most likely to be se...Fig. 1.63 Toxocara eggs are typical ascarid eggs with a thick shell. They co...Fig. 1.64 When the microscope is focused on the surface of a Toxocara egg, t...Fig. 1.65 Toxascaris leonina egg and Toxocara cati eggs. Note the dark singl...Fig. 1.66 Baylisascaris procyonis egg in feces of a naturally infected dog. ...Fig. 1.67 Toxocara canis egg and Baylisascaris procyonis egg (arrow). Eggs o...Fig. 1.68 Toxocara (Ta), Toxascaris (Ts) and Baylisascaris (B) eggs in a can...Fig. 1.69 Toxocara and other ascarids typically require several weeks of dev...Fig. 1.70 Canine fecal sample containing Toxocara canis (T) and Ancylostoma ...Fig. 1.71 Toxocara, Ancylostoma, and Trichuris eggs in a canine fecal sample...Fig. 1.72 Ascarids are often passed in the feces or vomitus of dogs and cats...Fig. 1.73 The morphology of the anterior end of small animal ascarids can be...Fig. 1.74 The cervical alae of adult Toxocara canis (A) are similar in appea...Fig. 1.75 The egg of Trichuris vulpis with its prominent bipolar plugs is on...Fig. 1.76 Feline fecal sample containing eggs of Ancylostoma (A), Mammomonog...Fig. 1.77 Eucoleus eggs are passed in the undifferentiated one‐ or two‐celle...Fig. 1.78 The only canine parasite eggs that could be mistaken for whipworm ...Fig. 1.79 Portion of a Trichuris vulpis egg (A) demonstrating the ridges see...Fig. 1.80 Examination of the surface of the shell wall of small‐animal capil...Fig. 1.81 In addition to having a morula that does not fill the interior of ...Fig. 1.82 Eggs of Aonchotheca putorii are similar to those of other capillar...Fig. 1.83 Physaloptera eggs do not float consistently in routine flotation e...Fig. 1.84 Adult Physaloptera may be seen with gastroscopy in cases where rou...Fig. 1.85 Spirocerca eggs do not float consistently in common flotation solu...Fig. 1.86 Strongyloides larvae must be differentiated from hatched hookworm ...Fig. 1.87 First‐stage larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis have a well‐define...Fig. 1.88 Iodine‐stained Strongyloides first‐stage larva. The prominent geni...Fig. 1.89 To confirm identification of S. stercoralis, the fecal sample can ...Fig. 1.90 Aelurostrongylus larva in a feline fecal sample. Larvae have the d...Fig. 1.91 Detail of the tail of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus larva showing its...Fig. 1.92 The tail of Crenosoma larvae has a slight deflection but lacks a d...Fig. 1.93 Angiostrongylus vasorum first‐stage larva. This species is uncommo...Fig. 1.94 First‐stage Oslerus larva in dog feces. The larvae have a kinked t...Fig. 1.95 First‐stage larva of Filaroides hirthi, which is similar in appear...Fig. 1.96 Adult male Ollulanus tricuspis in a fecal sample. Larvae and adult...Fig. 1.97 Dipylidium caninum eggs, each containing a hexacanth embryo, occur...Fig. 1.98 Occasionally,