Название | Brains Confounded by the Ode of Abū Shādūf Expounded |
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Автор произведения | Yūsuf al-Shirbīnī |
Жанр | Языкознание |
Серия | Library of Arabic Literature |
Издательство | Языкознание |
Год выпуска | 0 |
isbn | 9781479892389 |
al-kushshāfi (“the Inspectors”): plural of kāshif, so called because he inspects (yakshifu) the region placed under his charge and does away with whatever corruption and unauthorized imposts may exist there, and dams the waterways, strengthens the dikes, and rids the place of robbers; such was the custom of every Inspector in former times. He would behave righteously and make a progress around the settlements, and when he approached a village the drums would beat and those who had introduced unsanctioned practices and the corrupt would feel frightened and run away in fear of him and sometimes fall into his hands, in which case he would punish them as they deserved, whether by execution, imprisonment, beating, or fines. Then he would descend on the village, if it was his custom to stop there, and its shaykhs would come and stand before him in the utmost terror and fear, while he interrogated them concerning their affairs and asked them who was corrupt and who had introduced unsanctioned practices, and enjoined them to apprehend the latter if they were not in the village. Afterward they would hurry to bring him the customary food, drink, and presents. If any conflict had arisen among them in a village, or any killing, or they had shown disobedience to their Master, he would attack them on the viceroy’s orders, lay waste to the village, kill those of them who deserved to be killed, and destroy the rebels and tyrants.215 However that may be,216 his presence in charge of the provinces constitutes a mercy, a shield, and a discovery of afflictions, provided no injury is done to people at his hands or at the hands of his soldiers by way of seizure of their property, harassment, or commanding them to provide food and drink beyond their capacity to do so. Should such things occur, it should be considered injustice and, as such, forbidden by religion, and whatever is taken should be returned to its owner (unless he had provided it of his own free will in the first place, in which case there is no objection).
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11.5.3(الكشاف) ولم يكونوا غير واحد فهو على حذف مضاف تقديره أي ومن تواتر نزول كاشف بعد كاشف مع ما يحصل لي منه من الرعب والخوف من قرع الطبول ودكدكة الخيول وهيبته عند السير والنزول ورجفان القلب من رؤية العسكر والمقدَّمين والبلاّصيّة وخوفي من هذا الأمر أن ينالني منه ضرر
His saying “the Inspectors,” even though there would not be more than one of them, should be taken as implying the suppression of the first term of a genitive annexation,217 whose implied sense would be “from the continuous descents of inspector after inspector, accompanied by the terror and fear that afflict me as a result of the beating of the drums, the stamping of the horses’ hoofs, the Inspector’s awe-inspiring demeanor when on progress and descending on the village, and the thudding of my heart at the sight of the soldiers, the retainers, and the torturers, and my fear that he should cause me injury on this account.”
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11.5.4(شابت عوارضي) لضعفي عن مقابلة الكشّاف وعجزي عن شيء يأخذوه من داري من جلّة للمطبخ أو غير ذلك فمن هنا تنزعج الأعضاء وترجف الجوانح وينبت الشيب في غير أوانه والشيب كرامة من الله تعالى لعبده أكرمه به وأوّل من شاب إبراهيم الخليل عليه السلام شابَ نصف لحيته فقال يا ربّ ما هذا فقال هذا وقار لك في الدنيا ونور لك في الآخرة فقال يا ربّ زدني من هذا الوقار فأصبح وقد ابيضّت لحيته كلّها وفي الحديث إنّ الله يستحي أن يعذّب شيبة شابت في الإسلام وللشيب فضائل كثيرة منها أنّه وقار للشخص كمّا تقدّم وهيبة له ويذكّره قرب حِمامه لأنّه نذير الموت قال بعضهم [طويل]
إِذا اِسْوَدَّ جِلْدُ المَرْءِ واِبْيَضَّ شَعْرُهُ | وَطالَ عَلَيْهِ ثَوْبُهُ مِنْ أمامهِ |
وَقارَبَ عِنْدَ المَشْيِ في خَطَواتِهِ | هُنالِكَ بَشِّرْهُ بِقُرْبِ حِمامِهِ |
وقال آخر وأجاد [سريع]
تَبَسُّمُ الشَّيْبِ بِوَجْهِ الفَتَى | أَوْجَبَ سَحَّ الدَّمْعِ مِنْ جَفْنِهِ |
وكَيْفَ لا يَبْكي عَلَى نَفْسِهِ | مَنْ ضَحِكَ الشَّيْبُ عَلَى دَقْنِهِ |
shābat ʿawāriḍī (“my side whiskers have turned white”): because of my inability to face the Inspectors and my having nothing for them to take from my house such as dung cakes for the kitchen or anything else. Consequently, my limbs tremble, my heart flutters, and white hairs sprout before their time. White hairs are a sign of the Almighty’s favor, with which He honors one of His slaves. The first