Tacitus: The Histories, Volumes I and II. Cornelius Tacitus

general's duties, and behaved exactly as if he had been present to encourage the alert and threaten the laggards. They promptly fell in and began to clamour for the signal to start. The title of Germanicus was then and there conferred on Vitellius: Caesar he would never be called, even after his victory.

86 Cp. chap. 14.

87 At Pharsalia Caesar defeated Pompey, 48 b.c.; at Mutina the consul Hirtius defeated Antony, 43 b.c.; at Philippi Octavian defeated Brutus and Cassius, 42 b.c.; at Perusia Octavian defeated Antony's brother Lucius, 40 b.c.

88 See note 15.

89 Between the provinces of Upper and Lower Germany.

90 In the Gallic tongue this signified 'pot-belly'.

91 The Sequani had their capital at Vesontio (Besançon), the Aedui at Augustodunum (Autun).

92 Cp. chap. 8. The land was that taken from the Treviri (chap. 53).

93 Lyons.

94 a.d. 68.

95 According to Suetonius he used to kiss the soldiers he met in the road; make friends with ostlers and travellers at wayside inns; and go about in the morning asking everybody 'Have you had breakfast yet?' demonstrating by his hiccoughs that he had done so himself.

96 Cp. chap. 7. Caecina was in Upper Germany, Valens in Lower.

97 Cp. chap. 8.

98 He commanded the army of the Upper Province (chap. 9).

99 He was Claudius' colleague twice in the consulship, and once in the censorship.

100 Andalusia and Granada.

101 The Treviri have given their name to Trier (Trèves), the Lingones to Langres.

102 i.e. two right hands locked in friendship.

103 At Bonn and at Vetera.

104 At Vetera and at Neuss.

105 At Mainz.

106 The Ubii had been allowed by Agrippa to move their chief town from the right to the left bank of the Rhine. Ten or twelve years later (a.d. 50) a colony of Roman veterans was planted there and called Colonia Claudia Augusta Agrippinensium, because Agrippina, the mother of Nero, had been born there.

107 These were thin bosses of silver, gold, or bronze, chased in relief, and worn as medals are.

108 This important innovation was established as the rule by Hadrian. These officials—nominally the private servants of the emperor, and hitherto imperial freedmen—formed an important branch of the civil service. (Cp. note 165.)

109 Cp. chap. 46.

110 Cp. chap. 12.

111 Cp. chap. 7.

112 The leader of the great revolt on the Rhine, described in Book IV.

113 The ancestors of the Dutch who lived on the island formed by the Lek and the Waal between Arnhem and Rotterdam; its eastern part is still called Betuwe.

114 Chap. 56.

115 His supposed murder by Vitellius is described, iii. 38 39

116 Legio Prima Italica, formed by Nero.

117 Called after Statilius Taurus, who first enlisted it. He was Pro-consul of Africa under Nero. Cp. note 146.

118 Their mutiny in a.d. 69 is described by Tacitus, Agr. 16.

119 i.e. by detachments from it.

120 Mt. Cenis.

121 Great St. Bernard.

122 i.e. he had the main body of the Legion V, known as 'The Larks', and only detachments from the other legions.

123 Known as 'Rapax', and stationed at Windisch (Vindonissa), east of the point where the Rhine turns to flow north.

The