Point-of-Care Ultrasound Techniques for the Small Animal Practitioner. Группа авторов

9.6. Splenomegaly with spleen extending to urinary bladder. This seve...Figure 9.7. Splenomegaly with normal echogenicity. Infectious diseases can c...Figure 9.8. Splenomegaly with splenic hyperechogenicity (brighter than norma...Figure 9.9. Splenomegaly with splenic hypoechogenicity (darker than normal).Figure 9.10. Splenic nodular hyperplasia and myelolipomas. (A–C) Examples of...Figure 9.11. Splenic hematomas and infarcts. (A) The spleen has a hypoechoic...Figure 9.12. Splenic hemangiosarcoma (HSA) and its variability. (A) A spleni...Figure 9.13. Target lesion. Target lesions suggest metastatic neoplasia and ...Figure 9.14. Lymphosarcoma (LSA). The “Swiss cheese” or “moth‐eaten” appeara...Figure 9.15. Splenic torsion parenchymal lesion. (A) Note the hypoechoic (da...Figure 9.16. Splenic torsion vascular lesion. (A) Image of the splenic hilus...Figure 9.17. Splenic thrombus. (A) The splenic vein near the hilus appearing...

      10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1. Left and right kidneys and comparative echogenicity. (A,B) Imag...Figure 10.2. Basic normal renal ultrasonographic anatomy. The kidney is show...Figure 10.3. Normal kidney architecture. (A) Sagittal image of the left kidn...Figure 10.4. Assessing kidney size and symmetry. Normal size is established ...Figure 10.5. Hyperechoic kidneys and medullary rim sign. (A,B) Images from a...Figure 10.6. Various renal tumors. (A) Mass off the caudal pole of the kidne...Figure 10.7. Hematoma in a coagulopathic dog and a dog with a ruptured adren...Figure 10.8. Renal cysts and polycystic kidney disease. (A) Large renal cort...Figure 10.9. Renal cortical cysts and polycystic renal disease. (A) Renal co...Figure 10.10. Renal lymphosarcoma (LSA) and its variations. (A) and (B) illu...Figure 10.11. Nephroliths and dystrophic mineralization. (A) Patient with ob...Figure 10.12. Various degrees of pyelectasia. (A) Mild pyelectasia in a righ...Figure 10.13. Various degrees of hydronephrosis. Images (A–C) depict mild to...Figure 10.14. Renal infarcts. (A,B) Small renal infarcts. Infarcts are class...Figure 10.15. Acute kidney injury. Dog with a diagnosis of heat stroke 48 ho...

      11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1. Normal urinary bladder and its wall. (A) A normal urine‐filled ...Figure 11.2. Normal ureteral papilla. (A) A linear probe ultrasound image sh...Figure 11.3. Colon shadowing compared to a bladder stone. (A) The air- and ...Figure 11.4. Examples of the variability of cystitis. (A) Irregular bladder ...Figure 11.5. Emphysematous cystitis. An uncommon form of bacterial cystitis ...Figure 11.6. Benign polyps. (A) An image using a linear probe of a classic b...Figure 11.7. Mural urinary bladder neoplasia. (A) Transitional cell carcinom...Figure 11.8. Bladder stones. (A) Multiple urinary bladder stones with a stro...Figure 11.9. Urinary bladder sediment and artifact. Shown is the same image ...Figure 11.10. Urinary bladder sediment and artifact. (A) Sediment is best ap...Figure 11.11. Intraluminal blood clot (thrombus). (A) Large echogenic to het...

      12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1. Scanning the gastrointestinal tract. The zig‐zag scanning metho...Figure 12.2. Normal pancreas. (A) Normal right pancreatic limb in the sagitt...Figure 12.3. Pancreatitis. (A) Sagittal image of the right pancreatic limb i...Figure 12.4. Normal layering of small bowel. Normal image of adjacent loops ...Figure 12.5. Normal small bowel. Normal image of small bowel in the transver...Figure 12.6. Pyloric foreign body. Same patient as in Figure 12.4. Transvers...Figure 12.7. Additional examples of small bowel intestinal foreign bodies. (...Figure 12.8. Normal small bowel. Image of a normal duodenum with normal lumi...Figure 12.9. Corrugated small bowel. Sagittal image of a loop of small bowel...Figure 12.10. Plicated small bowel. Small bowel plication in a 3‐month‐old F...Figure 12.11. Plicated small bowel. Same patient as in Figure 12.10. Sagitta...Figure 12.12. Examples of small bowel corrugation. (A) Image of the small bo...Figure 12.13. Intussusception. Intussusception of the small bowel (jejuno‐je...Figure 12.14. Intussusception. Transverse image of a small intestinal intuss...Figure 12.15. Ruptured gastric ulcer and peritonitis. Images of the left cra...Figure 12.16. Intraperitoneal gas and the enhanced peritoneal stripe sign. I...Figure 12.17. Pancreatitis. (A) Image of an 8‐year‐old male neutered Yorkshi...

      13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1. General male dog urogenital anatomy.Figure 13.2. Marking surgically sterilized animals. (A,B) Green‐colored tatt...Figure 13.3. Penile spines of the tom cat. Presence of the spines serves as ...Figure 13.4. The normal prostate gland in a castrated dog in the longitudina...Figure 13.5. Benign prostatic hypertrophy in the transverse plane. In (A) th...Figure 13.6. Normal canine testicle. The parenchyma is homogeneous and of me...Figure 13.7. Cryptorchidism. Shown in (A) and (B) is the same image unlabele...Figure 13.8. Orchitis in the dog. Orchitis may be unilateral as seen in this...Figure 13.9. ^{Epididymitis in the dog.} The head of the inflamed epididymis is...

      14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1. Spay tattoo. Lime green tattoo scar indicating this female dog ...Figure 14.2. General female reproductive anatomy of the dog or cat.Figure 14.3. Scanning position to image the ovary. The probe is in longitudi...Figure 14.4. Normal canine ovary. (A) The normal ovary is isoechoic to surro...Figure 14.5. General scanning position with patient in dorsal recumbency and...Figure 14.6. Cervix, long axis. The uterus flares slightly at the junction w...Figure 14.7. Uterus, long axis. The canine uterus is the medium gray structu...Figure 14.8. Uterus, short axis. In this image, the uterus is seen in short ...Figure 14.9. Canine estrus uterus Note the thin, hyperechoic (white) line wi...Figure 14.10. Pyometra. (A) There is severe fluid distension of the uterine ...Figure 14.11. Gestational vesicles. The vesicles are visualized as spherical...Figure 14.12. Canine mammary neoplasia. The ultrasonographic appearance of m...

      15 Chapter 15Figure 15.1. Lateral scanning of the bitch. Scanning the term bitch or queen...Figure 15.2. Fetal kidney. The fetal kidney develops recognizable corticomed...Figure 15.3. Fetal intestine. The fetal intestine is the last organ to devel...Figure 15.4. M‐mode of fetal heart rate. By using M‐mode, the sonograp...

      16 Chapter 16Figure 16.1. Abdominal scanning. (A) Scanning the pediatric canine in a comf...Figure 16.2. Liver and pancreas. (A) Scanhead in sagittal for evaluation of ...Figure 16.3. Additional pancreas. (A) Pancreatic trapezoid created by the ca...Figure 16.4. Spleen and left kidney. (A) Normal spleen, splenic vein (SV). (...Figure 16.5. Left kidney. (A) Normal left kidney in transverse plane with no...Figure 16.6. Left adrenal gland and retroperitoneal structures. (A) Left adr...Figure 16.7. Prostate, testes, and uterus. (A) Pediatric prostate gland in s...Figure 16.8. Right adrenal and pancreas. (A) Sagittal image of right adrenal...Figure 16.9. Small intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ascites. (A) Schem...Figure 16.10. (A) Echogenic ascites, likely representing an exudate, seen ad...Figure 16.11. (A) Linear foreign body producing plication of the small bowel...Figure 16.12. (A) Disrupted bowel wall (cursors) secondary to perforation. (...Figure 16.13. (A) Small bowel wall thickening and loss of normal layering (a...Figure 16.14. (A) Intercostal imaging in the pediatric canine. (B) Peritoneo...Figure 16.15. (A) Intercostal approach for imaging patients with a very smal...Figure 16.16. Examples of intrahepatic shunts. (A) Intrahepatic ductal porto...Figure 16.17. Hydrocephalus, imaging through open fontanelle. (A) Increased ...Figure 16.18. (A) Renal dysplasia; abnormal kidney structure; note loss of n...Figure 16.19. (A) Thickened urinary bladder wall (cursors) associated with c...Figure 16.20. (A) Patent urachus imaged sagittally at the apex of the bladde...

      17 Chapter 17Figure 17.1. Air rises and fluid falls. Air rises (nongravity dependent) and...Figure 17.2. The five acoustic windows of TFAST in a standing dog. There is ...Figure 17.3. Most efficient way to perform the AFAST‐TFAST echo view blend i...Figure 17.4. AFAST‐TFAST blend with a dog in right modified lateral‐sternal ...Figure 17.5. The chest tube site view in standing and lateral recumbency in ...Figure 17.6. The “gator sign” and anatomy of the intercostal space....Figure 17.7. The “one‐eyed gator.” Unlabeled in (A) with a...Figure 17.8. Chest tube site and the caudodorsal transition