Principles of Virology, Volume 2. S. Jane Flint

Togaviruses Togaviruses

      20  Glossary

      21  Index

      22  End User License Agreement

      List of Tables

      1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Reproductive numbers for selected viruses

      2 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Some viral modulators of the interferon responseTable 3.2 Some chemokine receptors and their ligands

      3 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Incubation periods of some common virusesTable 5.2 Some persistent viral infections of humansTable 5.3 Epstein-Barr latency programs

      4 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Oncogenic viruses and cancerTable 6.2 Some transforming gene products of adenoviruses, papillomaviruses,...

      5 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Viral vaccines licensed in the United StatesTable 7.2 When can we expect an HIV vaccine?

      6 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Approved drugs targeted against human immunodeficiency virus

      7 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Fitness decline compared to initial virus clone after passage thr...

      8 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Viroids and satellitesTable 13.2 Some transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

      List of Illustrations

      1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Conquerors of yellow fever. This painting by Dean Cornwell (1939) d...Figure 1.2 The pace of discovery of new infectious agents in the dawn of virol...Figure 1.3 Consequences of the 1918 influenza pandemic. (A) The 1918–19 influe...Figure 1.4 Deaths caused by the yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia, 1793. T...Figure 1.5 Spread of West Nile virus in the United States. The maps show the s...Figure 1.6 Fruit bat geographic range in Southeast Asia, and prevalence of Nip...Figure 1.7 Ebola outbreak. Health care workers in areas of the Ebola virus out...Figure 1.8 Zika spread in Brazil. (A) In three short years, from 2014 to 2016,...Figure 1.9 Twitter as a tool in viral epidemiology. Between May 1 and December...Figure 1.10 Seasonal variation in disease caused by three human pathogens in t...

      2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Ectromelia virus infection of mice. Infection begins with a break i...Figure 2.2 The coordinated host response to infection. In healthy individuals,...Figure 2.3 Infection seen as a series of bottlenecks. In the illustrated case,...Figure 2.4 Sites of viral entry into the host. The body is covered with skin, ...Figure 2.5 Schematic diagram of the skin. The epidermis consists of a layer of...Figure 2.6 Sites of viral entry in the respiratory tract. (Left) A detailed vi...Figure 2.7 Cilia help to move debris trapped in the mucus of the respiratory t...Figure 2.8 A picture is worth a thousand words. A group of applied mathematici...Figure 2.9 Cellular organization of the small intestine. A simplified view of ...Figure 2.10 Transplacental virus infections. Several viruses, including Zika v...Figure 2.11 Cleavage of influenza virus HA0 by club cell tryptase. Influenza v...Figure 2.12 Polarized release of viruses from cultured epithelial cells visual...Figure 2.13 Entry, dissemination, and shedding of blood-borne viruses. Sho...Figure 2.14 The lymphatic system. Lymphocytes flow from the blood into the lym...Figure 2.15 Generic characteristics of viremia. Passive viremia occurs when th...Figure 2.16 Possible pathways for the spread of infection in nerves. Virus par...Figure 2.17 Outline of the spread of alphaherpesviruses and relationship to di...Figure 2.18 Blood-tissue junction in a capillary, venule, and sinusoid. (L...Figure 2.19 How viruses gain access to the liver. Two layers of hepatocytes ar...Figure 2.20 How viruses travel from blood to tissues with basement membranes. ...Figure 2.21 How viruses gain access to the central nervous system. (Left) A su...Figure 2.22 Mat herpes. An example of a herpesvirus infection on the arms of a...

      3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Integration of intrinsic defense with the innate and adaptive immun...Figure 3.2 Pattern recognition receptors. The four types of pattern recognitio...Figure 3.3 Recognition of viruses by Toll-like receptors in mammalian cells. T...Figure 3.4 Divergence and convergence of signaling pathways in response to a d...Figure 3.5 Detection of intracellular PAMPs by RIG-I. After binding their nucl...Figure 3.6 The cGAS/STING axis in innate immunity. Double-stranded DNA in the ...Figure 3.7 Inhibition of cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptors by selected...Figure 3.8 Apoptosis: programmed cell death. (A) Apoptosis is de fined by seve...Figure 3.9 Pathways to apoptosis. (A) The extrinsic death receptors and their ...Figure 3.10 Viral activators and suppressors of apoptosis. Shown are several v...Figure 3.11 Induction of necroptosis pathways. Necroptosis is initiated by the...Figure 3.12 Autophagy. (A) Viral proteins can either induce (green arrows) or ...Figure