Musical Instruments of the Indigenous People of South Africa. Percival Kirby

       Figure 1.5.Pedi ankle-rattles made from cocoons.

       Figure 1.6.Venda ankle-rattles made from fruits.

       Figure 1.7.Zulu ankle-rattles made from cocoons.

       Figure 1.8.Pondo ankle-rattles made from palm-leaf.

       Figure 1.9.Sotho (Bas.) ankle-rattles made from goat-skin.

       Figure 1.10.Hand rattles.1, 2, 3, 5, Thonga; 4, 7, Venda; 6, 8, Venda children’s rattles.

       Figure 1.11.Venda dancing-skirt made from reeds.

       Figure 1.12.Thonga playing the spagane.

       Figure 1.13.1, 3, Chwana marapo; 2, Zulu amatambo.

       Figure 1.14.Chwana girl playing the marapo.

       Figure 2.1.Hottentot woman playing upon the /khais.

       Figure 2.2.Hottentot woman playing upon the /khais.

       Figure 2.3.Xhosa women playing upon the ingqongqo.

       Figure 2.4.Amaqoqa, or engraved sticks used for beating the ingqongqo.

       Figure 2.5.Swazi warrior with shield.

       Figure 2.6.Swazi intambula.

       Figure 2.7.Swazi men playing upon the intambula.

       Figure 2.8.Zulu playing upon the ingungu.

       Figure 2.9.Zulu friction drum, called ingungu.

       Figure 2.10.Venda khamelo, or milking-jug, and murumbu, a drum.

       Figure 2.11.Venda girls playing upon the murumbu.

       Figure 2.12.Pedi drum, called moropa.

       Figure 2.13.Pedi woman playing upon the moropa.

       Figure 2.14.Sotho (Bas.) moropa, made from clay.

       Figure 2.15.Sotho (Bas.) woman playing upon the clay moropa.

      Figure 2.16.Pedi friction drum, called moshupiane.

       Figure 2.17.Venda ngoma and murumbu.

       Figure 2.18.Venda ngoma and murumbu.

       Figure 2.19.Thonga mantshomane, front view.

       Figure 2.20.Thonga mantshomane, back view.

       Figure 2.21.Thonga men playing upon mantshomane and ndjele.

       Figure 2.22.Zulu isigubu and sticks.

       Figure 2.23.Zulu playing upon the isigubu.

       Figure 3.1.Calabash resonators of Venda mbila.

       Figure 3.2.Beaters for Venda mbila.

       Figure 3.3.Designs carved upon slabs of mbila.

       Figure 3.4.Designs carved upon slabs of mbila.

       Figure 3.5.Venda mbila, front view.

       Figure 3.6.Venda mbila, back view.

       Figure 3.7.Manner of holding mbila beaters in left hand.

       Figure 3.8.Venda men performing upon the mbila.

       Figure 3.9.Tshopi mbila, original type, front view.

       Figure 3.10.Tshopi mbila, original type, back view.

       Figure 3.11.Beaters for Tshopi mbila.

       Figure 3.12.Tshopi mbila, mine type, front view.

       Figure 3.13.Tshopi mbila, mine type, back view.

       Figure 3.14.Tshopi timbila band in a Johannesburg mine compound.

       Figure 3.15.Tshopi carrying mbila.

       Figure 3.16.Lemba deze, outside of calabash.

       Figure 3.17.Lemba deze, showing instrument inside calabash.

       Figure 3.18.Lemba playing upon the deze.

       Figure 3.19.Sotho (Tvl.) sansas.

       Figure 3.20.Sotho (Tvl.) playing upon the sansa.

       Figure 4.1.Chwana boy with bull-roarer.

       Figure 4.2.Bull-roarers. 1, 4, Venda; 2, 3, Bushman; 5, 9, Chwana; 6, Bushman; 7, Korana; 8, Bushman; 10, Bushman (made from feathers).

       Figure 4.3.Spinning-disks, 1, 3, Bushman; 2, Zulu; 4, Venda.

       Figure 4.4.Korana boy with bull-roarer.

       Figure 5.1.Signal horns, made from the horns of the sable antelope. 1, Pedi; 2, Chwana; 3, Venda; 4, Pedi.

       Figure 5.2.Pedi playing upon a phalaphala.

       Figure 5.3.Signal horns made from the horns of the koodoo and gemsbok, and from wood, 1,