Henley's Twentieth Century Formulas, Recipes and Processes. Various

soap64 partsPotassium nitrate1 partSoft water, sufficient to make200 parts

      Shave up the soap and dissolve it in the water by heating, add the potassium nitrate and dissolve. Cool, strain, skim off any suds or bubbles, add the ammonia, mix, and bottle at once.

II.—	Yellow soap	10 grains
Borax	1 drachm
Lavender water	20 minims
Stronger ammonia water	6 ounces
Water, enough to make	20 ounces

      Dissolve the soap and borax in 5 ounces of boiling water; when cold add the lavender water and ammonia, and make up to a pint with water.

III.—	Methylated spirit	1 gallon
Soft water	1 gallon
Stronger ammonia water	1 gallon
IV.—	Ammonia water	5 pints
Distilled water	5 pints
Soap	100 grains
Olive oil	5 drachms

      Cut the soap in shavings, boil with the oil and water, cool, add the ammonia water, and bottle. For use in laundries, baths, and for general household purposes add one ta­ble­spoon­ful to one gallon of water.

      V.—The best quality:

Alcohol, 94 per cent	4 ounces
Soft water	4 gallons
Oil of rosemary	4 drachms
Oil of citronella	3 drachms

      Dissolve the oils in the alcohol and add to the water. To the mixture add 4 ounces of talc (or fuller’s earth will answer), mix thoroughly, strain through canvas, and to the colate add 1, 2, or 3 gallons of ammonia water, according to the strength desired, in which has been dissolved 1, 2, or 3 ounces of white curd, or soft soap.

      Liquor Ammonii Anisatus.—

Oil of anise, by weight	1 part
Alcohol, by weight	24 parts
Water of ammonia, by weight	5 parts

      Dissolve the oil in the alcohol and add the water of ammonia.

      It should be a clear, yellowish liquid.

      Violet Color For Ammonia.

      —A purple-blue color may be given to ammonia water by adding an aqueous solution of litmus. The shade, when pale enough, will probably meet all views as to a violet color.

      Perfumed Ammonia Water.

      —The following are typical formulas:

I.—	Stronger water of ammonia	6 ounces
Lavender water	1 ounce
Soft soap	10 grains
Water, enough to make	16 ounces
II.—	Soft soap	1 ounce
Borax	2 drachms
Cologne water	1/2 ounce
Stronger water of ammonia	5 1/2 ounces
Water, enough to make	12 ounces

      Rub up the soap and borax with water until dissolved, strain and add the other ingredients. The perfumes may be varied to suit the price.

      AMMONIA FOR FIXING PRINTS: See Photography.

      ANGOSTURA BITTERS: See Wines and Liquors.

      ANILINE: See Dyes.

      ANILINE IN PIGMENTS, TESTS FOR: See Pigments.

      ANILINE STAINS, TO REMOVE: See Cleaning Preparations and Methods. {92}

      ANISE CORDIAL: See Wines and Liquors.

      ANKARA: See Butter.

      ANNEALING OF STEEL, TOOLS, WIRE, AND SPRINGS: See Steel.

      ANODYNES: See Pain Killers.

      ANT DESTROYERS: See Insecticides.

ANTIDOTES FOR POISONS

       Table of Contents

      Poison, Symptoms And Antidotes.

      When a person has taken poison the first thing to do is to compel the patient to vomit, and for that purpose give any emetic that can be most readily and quickly obtained, and which is prompt and energetic, but safe in its action. For this purpose there is, perhaps, nothing better than a large teaspoonful of ground mustard in a tumblerful of warm water, and it has the advantage of being almost always at hand. If the dry mustard is not to be had use mixed mustard from the mustard pot. Its operation may generally be facilitated by the addition of a like quantity of common table salt. If the mustard is not at hand, give two or three teaspoonfuls of powdered alum in syrup or molasses, and give freely of warm water to drink; or give 10 to 20 grains of sulphate of zinc (white vitriol), or 20 to 30 grains of ipecac, with 1 or 2 grains of tartar emetic, in a large cup of warm water, and repeat every ten minutes until three or four doses are given, unless free vomiting is sooner produced. After vomiting has taken place large draughts of warm water should be given, so that the vomiting will continue until the poisonous substances have been thoroughly evacuated, and then suitable antidotes should be given. If vomiting cannot be produced the stomach pump should be used. When it is known what particular kind of poison has been swallowed, then the proper antidote for that poison should be given; but when this cannot be ascertained, as is often the case, give freely of equal parts of calcined magnesia, pulverized charcoal, and sesquioxide of iron, in a sufficient quantity of water. This is a very harmless mixture and is likely to be of great benefit, as the ingredients, though very simple, are antidotes for the most common and active poisons. In case this mixture cannot be obtained, the stomach should be soothed and protected by the free administration of demulcent, mucilaginous, or oleaginous drinks, such as the whites of eggs, milk, mucilage of gum arabic, or slippery-elm bark, flaxseed tea, starch, wheat flour, or arrowroot mixed in water, linseed or olive oil, or melted butter or lard. Subsequently the bowels should be moved by some gentle laxative, as a ta­ble­spoon­ful or two of castor oil, or a teaspoonful of calcined magnesia; and pain or other evidence of inflammation must be relieved by the administration of a few drops of laudanum, and the repeated application of hot poultices, fomentations, and mustard plasters.

      The following are the names of the substances that may give rise to poisoning, most commonly used, and their antidotes:

      Mineral Acids—sulphuric Acid (Oil Of Vitriol), Nitric Acid (Aqua Fortis), Muriatic Acid (Spirits Of Salts).

      —Symptoms: Acid, burning taste in the mouth, acute pain in the throat, stomach, and bowels; frequent vomiting, generally bloody; mouth and lips excoriated, shriveled, white or yellow; hiccough, copious stools, more or less bloody, with great tenderness in the abdomen; difficult breathing, irregular pulse, excessive thirst, while drink increases the pain and rarely remains in the stomach; frequent but vain efforts to urinate; cold sweats, altered countenance; convulsions, generally preceding death. Nitric acid causes yellow stains; sulphuric acid, black ones. Treatment: Mix calcined magnesia in milk or water to the consistence of cream, and give freely to drink a glassful every couple of minutes, if it can be swallowed. Common soap (hard or soft), chalk, whiting, or even mortar from the wall mixed in water may be given, until magnesia can be obtained. Promote vomiting by tickling the throat, if necessary, and when the poison is got rid of, flaxseed or slippery-elm tea, gruel, or other mild drinks. The inflammation which always follows needs good treatment to save the patient’s life.

      Vegetable Acids—acetic, Citric, Oxalic, Tartaric.

      —Symptoms: Intense burning pain of mouth, throat, and stomach; vomiting blood which is highly acid, violent purging, collapse, stupor, death.

      Oxalic acid is frequently taken in {93} mistake for Epsom salts, to which in shops it often bears a strong resemblance. Treatment: Give chalk