The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Volume II (of 2). Darwin Charles

117

'Archiv. Skand. Beiträge zur Naturgesch.,' viii. s. 397-413.

118

In his 'Essays on Nat. Hist.,' 1838. Mr. Hewitt gives analogous cases with hen-pheasants in 'Journal of Horticulture,' July 12, 1864, p. 37. Isidore Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, in his 'Essais de Zoolog. Gén.' (suites à Buffon, 1842, pp. 496-513), has collected such cases in ten different kinds of birds. It appears that Aristotle was well aware of the change in mental disposition in old hens. The case of the female deer acquiring horns is given at p. 513.

119

'Cottage Gardener,' 1860, p. 379.

120

'Art de faire Eclorre,' &c., 1749, tom. ii. p. 8.

121

Sir H. Holland, 'Medical Notes and Reflections,' 3rd edit., 1855, p. 31.

122

Prof. Thomson on Steenstrup's Views on the Obliquity of Flounders: 'Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist.,' May, 1865, p. 361.

123

Dr. E. von Martens, in 'Annals and Mag. of Nat. Hist.,' March, 1866, p. 209.

124

Darwin, 'Balanidæ,' Ray Soc., 1854, p. 499: see also the appended remarks on the apparently capricious development of the thoracic limbs on the right and left sides in the higher crustaceans.

125

Mormodes ignea: Darwin, 'Fertilization of Orchids,' 1862, p. 251.

126

'Journal of Horticulture,' July, 1864, p. 38. I have had the opportunity of examining these remarkable feathers through the kindness of Mr. Tegetmeier.

127

'The Poultry Book,' by Mr. Tegetmeier, 1866, p. 241.

128

Carl Vogt, 'Lectures on Man,' Eng. translat., 1864, p. 411.

129

On Cattle, p. 174.

130

Isid. Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 'Des Anomalies,' tom. iii. p. 353. With respect to the mammæ in women, see tom. i. p. 710.

131

'Natural Hist. Review,' April, 1863, p. 258. See also his Lecture, Royal Institution, March 16, 1860. On same subject, see Moquin-Tandon, 'Eléments de Tératologie,' 1841, pp. 184, 352.

132

Verlot, 'Des Variétés,' 1865, p. 89; Naudin, 'Nouvelles Archives du Muséum,' tom. i. p. 137.

133

In his discussion on some curious peloric calceolarias, quoted in 'Journal of Horticulture,' Feb. 24, 1863, p. 152.

134

For other cases of six divisions in peloric flowers of the Labiatæ and Scrophulariaceæ, see Moquin-Tandon, 'Tératologie,' p. 192.

135

Moquin-Tandon, 'Tératologie,' p. 186.

136

See Youatt on Cattle, pp. 92, 69, 78, 88, 163: also Youatt on Sheep, p. 325. Also Dr. Lucas, 'L'Héréd. Nat.,' tom. ii. p. 310.

137

'Héréd. Nat.,' tom. ii. pp. 112-120.

138

Sir H. Holland, 'Chapters on Mental Physiology,' 1852, p. 234.

139

'Gardener's Chronicle,' 1860, p. 270.

140

Mr. N. H. Smith, Observations on Breeding, quoted in 'Encyclop. of Rural Sports,' p. 278.

141

Quoted by Bronn, 'Geschichte der Natur,' b. ii. s. 170. See Sturm, 'Ueber Racen,' 1825, s. 104-107. For the niata cattle, see my 'Journal of Researches,' 1845, p. 146.

142

Lucas, 'l'Hérédité Nat.,' tom. ii. p. 112.

143

Mr. Orton, 'Physiology of Breeding,' 1855, p. 9.

144

Boitard and Corbié, 'Les Pigeons,' 1824, p. 224.

145

'Les Pigeons, pp. 168, 198.

146

'Das Ganze,' &c., 1837, s. 39.

147

'The Pigeon Book,' p. 46.

148

'Physiology of Breeding,' p.22; Mr. Hewitt, in 'The Poultry Book,' by Tegetmeier, 1866, p. 224.

149

Boitard and Corbié, 'Les Pigeons,' 1824, p. 226.

150

'Bastarderzeugung,' s. 256, 290, &c. Naudin ('Nouvelles Archives du Muséum,' tom. i. p. 149) gives a striking instance of prepotency in Datura stramonium when crossed with two other species.

151

Flourens, 'Longévité Humaine,' p. 144, on crossed jackals. With respect to the difference between the mule and the hinny, I am aware that this has generally been attributed to the sire and dam transmitting their characters differently; but Colin, who has given in his 'Traité Phys. Comp.,' tom. ii. pp. 537-539, the fullest description which I have met with of these reciprocal hybrids, is strongly of opinion that the ass preponderates in both crosses, but in an unequal degree. This is likewise the conclusion of Flourens, and of Bechstein in his 'Naturgeschichte Deutschlands,' b. i. s. 294. The tail of the hinny is much more like that of the horse than is the tail of the mule, and this is generally accounted for by the males of both species transmitting with greater power this part of their structure; but a compound hybrid which I saw in the Zoological Gardens, from a mare by a hybrid ass-zebra, closely resembled its mother in its tail.

152

Mr. Hewitt, who has had such great experience in raising these hybrids, says ('Poultry Book,' by Mr. Tegetmeier, 1866, pp. 165-167) that in all, the head was destitute of wattles, comb, and ear-lappets; and all closely resembled the pheasant in the shape of the tail and general contour of the body. These hybrids were raised from hens of several breeds by a cock-pheasant; but another hybrid, described by Mr. Hewitt, was raised from a hen-pheasant by a silver-laced Bantam cock, and this possessed a rudimental comb and wattles.

153

'L'Héréd. Nat.,' tom. ii. book ii. ch. i.

154

'Bastarderzeugung,' s. 264-266. Naudin ('Nouvelles Archives du Muséum,' tom. i. p. 148) has arrived at a similar conclusion.

155

'Cottage Gardener,' 1856, pp. 101, 137.

156

See some remarks on this head with respect to sheep by Mr. Wilson, in 'Gardener's Chronicle,' 1863, p. 15.

157

Verlot, 'Des Variétés,' 1865, p. 66.

158

Moquin-Tandon, 'Tératologie,' p. 191.

159

'Nouvelles Archives du Muséum,' tom. i. p. 137.

160

'L'Héréd. Nat.,' tom. ii. pp. 137-165. See, also, Mr. Sedgwick's four memoirs, immediately to be referred to.

161

On Sexual Limitation in Hereditary Diseases, 'Brit. and For. Med. – Chirurg. Review,' April, 1861, p. 477; July, p. 198; April, 1863, p. 44; and July, p. 159.

162

W. Scrope, 'Art of Deer Stalking,' p. 354.

163

Boitard and Corbié, 'Les Pigeons,' p. 173; Dr. F. Chapuis, 'Le Pigeon Voyageur Belge,' 1865, p. 87.

164

Prichard, 'Phys. Hist. of Mankind,' 1851, vol. i. p. 349.

165

'Embassy to the Court of Ava,' vol. i. p. 320. The third generation is described by Capt. Yule in his 'Narrative of the Mission to the Court of Ava,' 1855, p. 94.

166

'Das Ganze der Taubenzucht,' 1837, s. 21, tab. i., fig. 4; s. 24, tab. iv., fig. 2.

167

Kidd's 'Treatise on the Canary,' p. 18.

168

Charlesworth, 'Mag. of Nat. Hist.,' vol. i., 1837, p. 167.

169

Dr. Prosper Lucas, 'Héréd. Nat.,' tom. ii. p. 713.

170

'L'Héréd.