The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication, Volume II (of 2). Darwin Charles

Sheep, pp. 20, 234. The same fact of loose horns occasionally appearing in hornless breeds has been observed in Germany: Bechstein, 'Naturgesch. Deutschlands,' b. i. s. 362.

67

Youatt on Cattle, pp. 155, 174.

68

Youatt on Sheep, 1838, pp. 17, 145.

69

I have been informed of this fact through the Rev. W. D. Fox, on the excellent authority of Mr. Wilmot: see, also, remarks on this subject in an original article in the 'Quarterly Review,' 1849, p. 395.

70

Youatt, pp. 19, 234.

71

'The Poultry Book,' by Mr. Tegetmeier, 1866, p. 231.

72

Loudon's 'Gard. Mag.,' vol. x., 1834, p. 396: a nurseryman, with much experience on this subject, has likewise assured me that this sometimes occurs.

73

'Gardener's Chron.,' 1855, p. 777.

74

Ibid., 1862, p. 721.

75

See some excellent remarks on this subject by Mr. Wallace, 'Journal Proc. Linn. Soc.,' 1858, vol. iii. p. 60.

76

Dureau de la Malle, in 'Comptes Rendus,' tom. xli., 1855, p. 807. From the statements above given, the author concludes that the wild pigs of Louisiana are not descended from the European Sus scrofa.

77

Capt. W. Allen, in his 'Expedition to the Niger,' states that fowls have run wild on the island of Annobon, and have become modified in form and voice. The account is so meagre and vague that it did not appear to me worth copying; but I now find that Dureau de la Malle ('Comptes Rendus,' tom. xli., 1855, p. 690) advances this as a good instance of reversion to the primitive stock, and as confirmatory of a still more vague statement in classical times by Varro.

78

'Flora of Australia,' 1859, Introduct., p. ix.

79

'De l'Espèce,' tom. ii. pp. 54, 58, 60.

80

Mr. Sedgwick gives many instances in the 'British and Foreign Med. – Chirurg. Review,' April and July, 1863, pp. 448, 188.

81

In his edit. of 'Youatt on the Pig,' 1860, p. 27.

82

Dr. P. Lucas, 'Héréd. Nat.,' tom. ii. pp. 314, 892: see a good practical article on this subject in 'Gard. Chronicle,' 1856, p. 620. I could add a vast number of references, but they would be superfluous.

83

Kölreuter gives cases in his 'Dritte Fortsetzung,' 1766, s. 53, 59; and in his well-known 'Memoirs on Lavatera and Jalapa.' Gärtner, 'Bastarderzeugung,' s. 437, 441, &c. Naudin, in his 'Recherches sur l'Hybridité, Nouvelles Archives du Muséum,' tom. i. p. 25.

84

Quoted by Mr. Sedgwick in 'Med. – Chirurg. Review,' April, 1861, p. 485. Dr. H. Dobell, in 'Med. – Chirurg. Transactions,' vol. xlvi., gives an analogous case, in which, in a large family, fingers with thickened joints were transmitted to several members during five generations; but when the blemish once disappeared it never reappeared.

85

Verlot, 'Des Variétés,' 1865, p. 63.

86

'Nouvelles Archives du Muséum,' tom. i. p. 25. Alex. Braun (in his 'Rejuvenescence,' Ray Soc., 1853, p. 315) apparently holds a similar opinion.

87

Mr. Teebay, in 'The Poultry Book,' by Mr. Tegetmeier, 1866, p. 72.

88

Quoted by Hofacker, 'Ueber die Eigenschaften,' &c., s. 98.

89

'Essais Hist. Nat. du Paraguay,' tom. ii. 1801, p. 372.

90

These facts are given on the high authority of Mr. Hewitt, in 'The Poultry Book,' by Mr. Tegetmeier, 1866, p. 248.

91

'The Poultry Book,' by Tegetmeier, 1866, p. 97.

92

'Gardener's Chron. and Agricultural Gazette,' 1866, p. 528.

93

Ibid., 1860, p. 343.

94

Sclater, in 'Proc. Zoolog. Soc.,' 1862, p. 163.

95

'History of the Horse,' p. 212.

96

'Mém. présentés par divers Savans à l'Acad. Royale,' tom. vi. 1835, p. 338.

97

'Letters from Alabama,' 1859, p. 280.

98

'Hist. Nat. des Mammifères,' 1820, tom. i.

99

'Philosoph. Transact.,' 1821, p. 20.

100

Sclater, in 'Proc. Zoolog. Soc.,' 1862, p. 163: this species is the Ghor-Khur of N.W. India, and has often been called the Hemionus of Pallas. See, also, Mr. Blyth's excellent paper in 'Journ. of Asiatic Soc. of Bengal,' vol. xxviii., 1860, p. 229.

101

Another species of wild ass, the true A. hemionus or Kiang, which ordinarily has no shoulder-stripes, is said occasionally to have them; and these, as with the horse and ass, are sometimes double: see Mr. Blyth, in the paper just quoted, and in 'Indian Sporting Review,' 1856, p. 320; and Col. Hamilton Smith, in 'Nat. Library, Horses,' p. 318; and 'Dict. Class. d'Hist. Nat.,' tom. iii. p. 563.

102

Figured in the 'Gleanings from the Knowsley Menageries,' by Dr. J. E. Gray.

103

Cases of both Spanish and Polish hens sitting are given in the 'Poultry Chronicle,' 1855, vol. iii. p. 477.

104

'The Poultry Book,' by Mr. Tegetmeier, 1866, pp. 119, 163. The author, who remarks on the two negatives ('Journ. of Hort.,' 1862, p. 325), states that two broods were raised from a Spanish cock and Silver-pencilled Hamburgh hen, neither of which are incubators, and no less than seven out of eight hens in these two broods "showed a perfect obstinacy in sitting." The Rev. E. S. Dixon ('Ornamental Poultry,' 1848, p. 200) says that chickens reared from a cross between Golden and Black Polish fowls, are "good and steady birds to sit." Mr. B. P. Brent informs me that he raised some good sitting hens by crossing Pencilled Hamburgh and Polish breeds. A cross-bred bird from a Spanish non-incubating cock and Cochin incubating hen is mentioned in the 'Poultry Chronicle,' vol. iii. p. 13, as an "exemplary mother." On the other hand, an exceptional case is given in the 'Cottage Gardener,' 1860, p. 388, of a hen raised from a Spanish cock and black Polish hen which did not incubate.

105

'The Poultry Book,' by Tegetmeier, 1866, pp. 165, 167.

106

'Natural History Review,' 1863, April, p. 277.

107

'Essays on Natural History,' p. 197.

108

As stated by Mr. Orton, in his 'Physiology of Breeding,' p. 12.

109

M. E. de Selys-Longchamps refers ('Bulletin Acad. Roy. de Bruxelles,' tom. xii. No. 10) to more than seven of these hybrids shot in Switzerland and France. M. Deby asserts ('Zoologist,' vol. v., 1845-46, p. 1254) that several have been shot in various parts of Belgium and Northern France. Audubon ('Ornitholog. Biography,' vol. iii. p. 168), speaking of these hybrids, says that, in North America, they "now and then wander off and become quite wild."

110

'Journal of Researches,' 1845, p. 71.

111

'Expedition to the Zambesi,' 1865, pp. 25, 150.

112

Dr. P. Broca, on 'Hybridity in the Genus Homo,' Eng. translat., 1864, p. 39.

113

'Nouvelles Archives du Muséum,' tom. i. p. 151.

114

'Bastarderzeugung,' s. 582, 438, &c.

115

'Die Bastardbefruchtung … der Weiden,' 1865, s. 23. For Gärtner's remarks on this head, see 'Bastarderzeugung,' s. 474, 582.

116

Yarrell, 'Phil. Transact.,' 1827, p. 268; Dr. Hamilton, in 'Proc.