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3 How Animals Learn

       Haleh Amanieh and Nicole R. Dorey

3.1 Introduction: What Is Learning?

      Working with animals daily allows us a great advantage—getting to know their behavior. We get to know their likes, their dislikes, and how they tend to act in certain circumstances. Knowledge about an animal’s motivations to engage in or avoid certain behaviors and consequences that follow those behaviors gives us the opportunity to deeply understand the animal. The first step toward understanding animal behavior is understanding behavior in general. Behavior is anything an organism does as it interacts with its environment. From playing catch to reacting to human emotional states, animals exhibit a large variety of behavior, all of which can be analyzed.

      It is apparent that each animal has a unique set of highly probable behaviors. Some dogs jump when someone new walks in, while others might hide. These differences are due to their individual experiences, also known as their learning history. Learning occurs when an animal’s behavior changes as a result of its experiences. Learning is much more than just the formal acquisition of a new behavior. As long as an animal is experiencing